Muscle function in 164 men and women aged 20???84 yr

Akima, Hiroshi; Kano, Yutaka; Enomoto, Yoshiharu; Ishizu, Masao; Okada, Morihiko; Oishi, Yoshie; Katsuta, Shigeru; Kuno, Shinya

doi:10.1097/00005768-200102000-00008

Cited by 214 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These results suggest that the effects of aging on muscle shortening velocity might become apparent after 50 years of age. Using male and female subjects ranging in age from 20 to 84 years old, Akima et al (2001) measured velocity values at 0, 60, 180 and 300 degrees per second by the leg extensor and flexor muscles using an isokinetic machine, and they reported that all velocity values decreased with aging. Similar results were also reported by Frontera et al (1991) with male and female subjects aged 45-78 years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this context, many proofs have been shown by dealing with the isometric strength of various muscle groups: grip strength (Izquierdo et al (1999b), elbow flexor strength (Viitasalo et al, 1985;Doherty et al, 1993), ankle plantar strength (Vandervoort and McComas, 1986), and knee extensor strength (Larsson et al, 1979;Häkkinen and Häkkinen, 1991;Häkkinen et al, 1995;Akima et al, 2001). According to Klitgaard et al (1990), reduction due to aging in isometric strength was greater in the lower limb muscles than those in the upper limbs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Aging on Force, Velocity, and Power in the Elbow Flexors of Males

Toji

Kaneko

2007

J Physiol Anthropol

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The effect of aging on muscular power development was investigated by determining the forcevelocity relationship. The muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was estimated by the thickness of the elbow flexors. The subjects were 19 elderly males aged 69.1Ϯ3.7 years old (G-70 group), 15 middle-aged males aged 50.9Ϯ3.5 years old (G-50), and 19 young males aged 21.2Ϯ1.3 years old (G-20). The G-70 group had the slowest shortening velocities under various load conditions, resulting in the lowest force-velocity relationship. The maximum values for force (Fmax), velocity (Vmax), power (Pmax), dynamic constants (a, b), and the a/Fmax ratio were determined using Hill's equation. The a/Fmax ratio determines the degree of concavity in the forcevelocity curve. The a/Fmax ratio was greatest in G-70, followed by those in G-50 and G-20, while the maximum values for force (Fmax), velocity (Vmax), and power (Pmax) were significantly lower in G-70 than in the other groups. Fmax and Pmax per CSA were lowest in G-70, and Vmax per unit muscle length was also lowest in G-70 as compared to the other age groups. The ratio of G-70/G-20 was greatest in Pmax (69.6%), followed by Fmax (75.3%) and Vmax (83.4%). However, there were no significant differences in CSA among the 3 age groups. Our findings suggest that muscle force and shortening velocity may decline gradually in the process of aging attributed to declining muscle function rather than CSA.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Aging on Force, Velocity, and Power in the Elbow Flexors of Males

Toji

Kaneko

2007

J Physiol Anthropol

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“…No entanto, esses estudos foram desenvolvidos com adultos jovens. Não se sabe até que ponto seus resultados poderiam ser transferidos para indivíduos idosos, uma vez que a idade se associa a um declínio gradativo das capacidades motoras, em especial da força muscular (14,15) . As respostas de fadiga observadas em pessoas idosas, portanto, não necessariamente serão similares àquelas exibidas por indivíduos jovens.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Influência da ordem dos exercícios sobre o número de repetições e percepção subjetiva do esforço em mulheres jovens e idosas

Silva

Monteiro

Farinatti

2009

Rev Bras Med Esporte

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RESUMoEstudos sobre a influência da ordem de execução dos exercícios no desempenho da força em idosos são escassos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar a influência da ordem de execução dos exercícios sobre o número de repetições e percepção de esforço de oito idosas (69 ± 7 anos) e 12 jovens (22 ± 2 anos) praticantes de treinamento resistido. As voluntárias executaram sessões com três séries até a exaustão com cargas estabelecidas em 10 repetições máximas (RM), em sequências invertidas de exercícios: sequência A -supino horizontal (SH), desenvolvimento em pé (DP) e rosca tríceps no pulley baixo (TP); sequência B -TP, DP e SH. A ANOVA de duas entradas com medidas repetidas revelou que o número de repetições no grupo de jovens foi sempre menor no último exercício, independentemente da sequência ou grupamento muscular envolvido (p < 0,05). O número de repetições permaneceu estável na sequência A para grupo de idosas, mas declinou significativamente na sequência B (p < 0,05). Não houve diferenças para a percepção de esforço ao final das sequências no grupo de jovens, mas no grupo de idosas a PSE foi significativamente maior em na sequência B (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que a ordem dos exercícios foi indiferente para o desempenho do grupo jovem, mas influenciou o número máximo de repetições em cada exercício e a percepção de esforço ao final das sequências no grupo de idosas.Palavras-chave: envelhecimento, treinamento, força muscular, exercício, saúde, aptidão física. aBStRaCtThere are few studies about the effects of exercise order on strength training performance in elderly subjects. This study compared the influence of exercise order in resistive training on the number of repetitions and perceived exertion of 8 older (69±7 years) and 12 young women (22±2 years). The subjects performed three sets until exhaustion with loads established at 10 maximum repetitions (10 RM) with inverted sequences of the following exercises: Sequence A -bench press (BP), military press (MP), pulley triceps extension (TP); Sequence B -TP, MP, and BP. The two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements showed that the number of repetitions in the young group was always smaller for the last exercise, regardless of the sequence or muscle group involved (p <0.05). The number of repetitions was not different in Sequence A for the older group, but declined significantly in Sequence B (p < 0.05). Perceived exertion was similar in both sequences for the young group, but in the older group it was significantly higher in Sequence B (p <0 .05). In conclusion, exercise order was indifferent for the young group performance, but influenced in the maximum number of repetitions in each exercise and perceived exertion at the end of the sequences in the older group. Artigo originAl intRodUÇÃo O treinamento contrarresistência (TCR) induz aprimoramentos nas funções e estruturas muscular, articular e óssea, aumentando a aceitação de que esses tipos de programas são importantes para a conservação da capacidade de trabalho e qualidade de vida do idoso (1)(2)(3)(4)(...

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“…The maximum force production is strongly related to muscle mass or cross sectional area of muscle, so that the decline in maximum force production with aging can be caused by a decrease in muscle mass (Akima et al 2001). It has been reported that a 31% decrease in the volume of quadriceps femoris is seen in elderly as compared with young individuals (Trappe et al 2001).…”

Section: Aging Related Muscle Atrophy and Changes In Contractile Propmentioning

confidence: 99%