Muscle Atrophy and Functional Deficits of Knee Extensors and Flexors in People With Chronic Stroke

Abstract

There were different responses between quadriceps and hamstring muscle volumes in the paretic limb that had quadriceps muscle atrophy only. However, both paretic and nonparetic limbs showed knee extensor and flexor torque and power reduction.

Relationship of Quadriceps Muscle Thickness with Motor Paralysis and Muscle Echo Intensity in Post-Stroke Patients

“…paretic limb was 24% smaller than that of the non-paretic limb [7]. Motor paralysis induces neurophysiological changes and quadriceps muscle activation failure because of failed transmission of the neural drive to the quadriceps muscle [10][11][12][13][14].…”

“…Although quadriceps muscle quality loss and atrophy simultaneously occur in post-stroke patients [5][6][7]17], the factors that affect muscle quality and quantity remain incompletely understood. We speculated that the neuronal-associated degree of disuse is a key factor for an understanding of stroke-related quadriceps muscle quality loss and atrophy.…”

Parameters Representing Muscle Tone, Elasticity and Stiffness of Biceps Brachii in Healthy Older Males: Symmetry and Within-Session Reliability Using the MyotonPRO

“…The contralateral side is often used clinically to assess abnormalities of the injured side [22,23]. Such comparison requires knowledge of the normal level of symmetry.…”

Supervised dance intervention based on video game choreography increases quadriceps cross sectional area and peak of torque in community dwelling older women

“…An initial axial T1 image was captured to determine the perpendicular distance from greater trocanter of the femur to the inferior femur condyle border. The muscle images were obtained at 50% of this distance 13 , with participant in supine position and most relaxed as possible 28,29 . The CSA was analyzed using the Image J software (Version 1.46r, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA).…”

“…The quadriceps and hamstrings muscle CSA areas (measured in cm 2 ) were automatically calculated by summing pixels of the indicated tissues and multiplied by the pixel surface area 30 . Each muscle group was measured three times by the same researcher and the average value of the three measurements was considered for the analysis 28,29 . The secondary outcomes were functionality assessed by functional mobility test (Timed Up and Go -TUG) 31 , Gait Speed (GS) of 10 meters test 32,33 and Five Times Seat to Stand Test (FTSS) 34 .…”