Muscle as a Secretory Organ

Pedersen, Bente Klarlund

doi:10.1002/cphy.c120033

Cited by 454 publications

(391 citation statements)

References 249 publications

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“…Physical exercise has been demonstrated to induce mitochondria biogenesis, upregulates skeletal muscle gene expression and protein synthesis, and increases skeletal muscle oxidative capacity both in older and sedentary populations [80] . Moreover, recent evidences promote the hypothesis of cross talk between muscle and different tissues mediated by cytokines and other peptides called myokines [81] which are involved both in acute exerciseinduced metabolic reactions, as well as in the longterm metabolic benefits induced by exercise [82] . Irisin is one of the most recently identified myokines.…”

Section: Beyond the Adipose Tissue Excess: The Importance Of Muscle Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement of body composition as a surrogate evaluation of energy balance in obese patients

Rotella

Dicembrini

2015

WJM

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In clinical practice obesity is primarily diagnosed through the body mass index. In order to characterize patients affected by obesity the use of traditional anthropometric measures appears misleading. Beyond the body mass index, there are overwhelming evidences towards the relevance of a more detailed description of the individual phenotype by characterizing the main body components as free-fat mass, muscle mass, and fat mass. Among the numerous techniques actually available, bioelectrical impedance analysis seems to be the most suitable in a clinical setting because it is simple, inexpensive, noninvasive, and highly reproducible. To date, there is no consensus concerning the use of one preferred equation for the resting energy expenditure in overweight and/or obese population. Energy restriction alone is an effective strategy to achieve an early and significant weight loss, however it results in a reduction of both fat and lean mass therefore promoting or aggravating an unfavourable body composition (as sarcobesity) in terms of mortality and comorbidities. Therefore the implementation of daily levels of physical activity should be simultaneously promoted. The major role of muscle mass in the energy balance has been recently established by the rising prevalence of the combination of two condition as sarcopenia and obesity. Physical exercise stimulates energy expenditure, thereby directly improving energy balance, and also promotes adaptations such as fiber type, mitochondrial biogenesis, improvement of insulin resistance, and release of myokines, which may influence different tissues, including muscle. Core tip: There are overwhelming evidences towards the relevance of a more detailed description of the individual phenotype by characterizing the main body components as free-fat mass, muscle mass, and fat mass. Among the numerous techniques actually available, bioelectrical impedance analysis seems to be the most suitable in a clinical setting because it is simple, inexpensive, noninvasive, and highly reproducible. To date, there is no consensus concerning the use of one preferred equation for the resting energy expenditure in overweight and/or obese population. REVIEW

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Section: Beyond the Adipose Tissue Excess: The Importance Of Muscle Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Irisin may stimulate the transformation of white adipocytes into brite cells, thus suggested by a marked increase in the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1). Adapted from Pedersen [82] .…”

Section: White Adipocytementioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of body composition as a surrogate evaluation of energy balance in obese patients

Rotella

Dicembrini

2015

WJM

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“…Flexibility exercise is one type of stretching exercise to improve the movements of muscles, joints, and ligaments (Siddiqui, Nessa & Hossain, 2010). Pedersen (2013), described that most of the exercise's benefits were mediated through the role of skeletal muscle. With the muscle contraction, myokines will be released, which promoting; the growth of new tissue, tissue repair, and multiple anti-inflammatory functions, which in turn reduce the risk of developing various inflammatory diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Man’s and Woman’s Motivation to Exercise

Kubaisy

Mohamad²,

Ismail³

et al. 2017

AjQoL

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Females exhibit lower levels of physical exercise performance than males. It seems that gender factor motivates people differently, in performing regular exercise. Our objective was to determine the relationship between 21 motivating reasons for performing physical exercise and genders. We found that males showed significantly higher means score in two motivating reasons; to have a positive effect on the sex life (4.18±1.01, p<0.001) and to have more energy to go about the daily chores Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. https://doi.org/10.21834/ajqol.v2i8.68 Al Kubaisy, W., et.al. / Asian Journal of Quality of Life, AjQoL, 2(8) Oct / Dec 2017 (p.35-43) 36 , UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-ncnd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for EnvironmentBehaviour Studies), Faculty of IntroductionPhysical exercise; is a physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive, and purposeful in the objective to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness. (Akemi et al., 2011; Aura ,Silvia,& Sorin,2014). Engagement in physical exercise is an important part of a healthy lifestyle. Several authors (Aura et al., 2014;Sabina, Alina & Bogdan, 2014) stated that in order to achieve the health benefits of physical activity it is important to exercise regularly.The USA Department of Health and Human Services (2008), recommends that healthy adults should get per week a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity or 75 minutes as vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise, or a combination of the two (two days doing 20 -25 minutes of vigorous exercise and two days doing 30 minutes of moderate exercise).Physical exercise is of various types such as; Aerobic exercise "also called cardiovascular exercise" moves the large muscle groups with alternate contraction and relaxation, forces to deep breath, heart to pump more blood with adequate tissue oxygenation. Examples are; walking, running, jogging, swimming. The anaerobic exercise, there is forceful contraction of muscle with stretching, usually mechanically aided and help to build up muscle strength and muscle bulk. Examples are; weight lifting, pulling, pushing, and sprinting. Flexibility exercise is one type of stretching exercise to improve the movements of muscles, joints, and ligaments (Siddiqui, Nessa & Hossain, 2010).Pedersen (2013), described that most of the exercise's benefits were mediated through the role of skeletal muscle. With the muscle contraction, myokines will be released, which promoting; the growth of new tissue, tissue repair, and multiple anti-inflammatory functions, which in turn reduce the risk of developing various inflammatory diseases. Thus, there is a body of evidence regarding the effectiveness of regular physical exercise in the primary and secondary prevention of several...

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“…Developing research has demonstrated that many of the benefits of exercise are mediated through the release of myokines which promote the growth of new tissue and reduces the risk of developing inflammatory diseases [4]. According to the World Health Organization, lack of physical activity contributes to approximately 17% of heart disease and diabetes, 12% of falls in the elderly and 10% of breast cancer and colon cancer [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Levels of C-Reactive Protein, Malondialdehyde and Absolute Lymphocyte Counts in Pre and Post-Acute Exercise

Alfred¹,

Olu²,

Joy³

et al. 2017

J Sports Med Doping Stud

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This study was designed to determine the level of oxidative stress using the level of circulating C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde and absolute lymphocyte counts in pre and post-acute exercise as studies have shown that acute exercise enhances the immunological responses of stressed individuals. Twenty five (25) healthy young male undergraduate students with an average age of 24.3 ± 3 years and body mass index of 22.7 ± 1.8 (kg/m 2 ) participated fully in the study. The levels of malondialdehyde and C-reactive protein were significantly higher at one hour, four hours and twenty-four hour post exercise when compared with the pre-exercise stage whereas the absolute lymphocyte count and absolute neutrophils count were significantly higher at one hour and four hours post exercise when compared with the pre-exercise stage. Absolute lymphocyte count, absolute neutrophils count, Creactive protein and malondialdehyde concentrations are increased in acute exercise which is an indication of an acute phase responses during stressful events.

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Muscle as a Secretory Organ

Cited by 454 publications

References 249 publications

Measurement of body composition as a surrogate evaluation of energy balance in obese patients

Measurement of body composition as a surrogate evaluation of energy balance in obese patients

Man’s and Woman’s Motivation to Exercise

The Levels of C-Reactive Protein, Malondialdehyde and Absolute Lymphocyte Counts in Pre and Post-Acute Exercise

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