Muscle activity patterns altered during pedaling at different body orientations

Brown, David; Kautz, Steven A.; Dairaghi, Christine A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(96)00038-3

Cited by 64 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In the present study the hip and knee angles were not different between the two positions, and when this has been done elsewhere, both the EMG patterns and joint torques in the lower limbs during cycling differed between upright and supine positions (Brown et al 1996). Total integrated and rectified EMG activity in rectus femoris, biceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscles was higher in the inclined position; but its activity in the triceps surae muscles was lower (Brown et al 1996). These effects, however, were established at a very low intensity of cycling and at least several seconds after the onset of exercise when differences in muscle blood flow may be apparent.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

“…In addition to muscle blood flow, differences in muscle activity patterns might contribute to differences in muscle fatigue and exercise performance. In the present study the hip and knee angles were not different between the two positions, and when this has been done elsewhere, both the EMG patterns and joint torques in the lower limbs during cycling differed between upright and supine positions (Brown et al 1996). Total integrated and rectified EMG activity in rectus femoris, biceps femoris and tibialis anterior muscles was higher in the inclined position; but its activity in the triceps surae muscles was lower (Brown et al 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Effect of posture on high-intensity constant-load cycling performance in men and women

et al. 2005

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The time sustained during a graded cycle exercise is approximately 10% longer in an upright compared with a supine posture. However, during constant-load cycling this effect is unknown. Therefore, we tested the postural effect on the performance of high-intensity constant-load cycling. Twenty-two active subjects (11 men, 11 women) performed two graded tests (one upright, one supine), and of those 22, 10 subjects (5 men, 5 women) performed three high-intensity constant-load tests (one upright, two supine). To test the postural effect on performance at the same absolute intensity, during the upright and one of the supine constant-load tests subjects cycled at 80% of the peak power output achieved during the upright graded test. To test the postural effect on performance at the same relative intensities, during the second supine test subjects cycled at 80% of the peak power output achieved during the supine graded test. Exercise time on the graded and absolute intensity constant-load tests for all subjects was greater (P<0.05) in the upright compared with supine posture (17.9+/-3.5 vs. 16.1+/-3.1 min for graded; 13.2+/-8.7 vs. 5.2+/-1.9 min for constant-load). This postural effect at the same absolute intensity was larger in men (19.4+/-8.5 upright vs. 6.6+/-1.6 supine, P<0.001) than women (7.1+/-2 upright vs. 3.9+/-1.4 supine, P>0.05) and it was correlated (P<0.05) with both the difference in VO2 between positions during the first minute of exercise (r=0.67) and the height of the subjects (r=0.72). In conclusion, there is a very large postural effect on performance during constant-load cycling exercise and this effect is significantly larger in men than women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 45%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Effect of posture on high-intensity constant-load cycling performance in men and women

et al. 2005

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“…It is possible that muscular coordination patterns would differ if added demands, such as maintaining balance, were placed on the subject or if different sensory information, such as altered input from vestibular or cutaneous afferents, were available. 4 Second, no attempt was made to quantify neural coupling that might exist between the muscles of right and left limbs. We recorded moments and EMG patterns from a single limb and thus cannot address questions related to interlimb coupling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormal coupling of knee and hip moments during maximal exertions in persons with cerebral palsy

et al. 2003

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The motions of lower-limb extension, adduction, and internal rotation are frequently coupled in persons with cerebral palsy (CP) and are commonly referred to as an extension synergy. However, the underlying joint moments that give rise to these coupled motions are not well understood. We hypothesized that maximal voluntary exertions in a direction of one component of a synergy (e.g., hip extension) would result in the concurrent presence of other components of the synergy in subjects with CP but not in control subjects. To test this hypothesis, we measured three-dimensional moments about the hip and knee as nine subjects with spastic CP and six control subjects performed maximal isometric exertions of the hip and knee flexors and extensors. During maximal hip extension exertions, control subjects simultaneously generated a knee flexion moment, whereas CP subjects generated a knee extension moment (P < 0.05) and a larger hip internal rotation moment than did controls (P < 0.05). During maximal knee extension exertions, control subjects generated a hip flexion moment, whereas CP subjects generated a hip extension moment (P < 0.05). The patterns of joint moments generated by CP subjects are consistent with an extension synergy and may underlie the coupled motion patterns of the lower extremity in such persons.

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“…To improve cycling gross efficiency (GE) and performance, investigations have addressed a number of factors related to rider position and the geometry of the bike (Baum and Li 2003;Brown et al 1996;Gonzalez and Hull 1989;Hull 1993, 1995). Newton-Euler equations have been utilized to estimate force applied to the pedals and establish optimum pedaling cadence, crank length, and saddle height (Kautz and Hull 1993;Li and Baum 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pedaling technique on muscle activity and cycling efficiency

2007

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The purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of talocrural joint position on muscle activity and gross mechanical efficiency (GE). Eleven trained cyclists participated in three randomized 6-min cycling bouts at approximately 80% of maximal aerobic capacity on an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer while oxygen consumption and muscle activity (EMG) were monitored during the subject's self-selected pedaling technique (control) and while using a dorsi- and plantarflexed pedaling technique. The mean differences in range of motion of the dorsi- and plantarflexed technique from the control position were 7.1 +/- 4.4 and 6.9 +/- 5.4 degrees , respectively. Gastrocnemius EMG activity was higher with the dorsiflexion technique than when using the self-selected control position (33.2 +/- 13.0 and 24.2 +/- 8.4 microV s, respectively; P < 0.05). Moreover, GE was 2.6% lower while riding with the dorsiflexion technique than the control position (19.0 +/- 1.2 and 19.5 +/- 1.3%, respectively; P < 0.05). The data suggested that introducing more dorsiflexion into the pedal stroke of a trained cyclist increases muscle activity of the gastrocnemius lateralis and decreased GE when compared to the self-selected pedal stroke.

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Muscle activity patterns altered during pedaling at different body orientations

Cited by 64 publications

References 28 publications

Effect of posture on high-intensity constant-load cycling performance in men and women

Effect of posture on high-intensity constant-load cycling performance in men and women

Abnormal coupling of knee and hip moments during maximal exertions in persons with cerebral palsy

Effect of pedaling technique on muscle activity and cycling efficiency

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