Muscarinic Agonist, Antagonists and Signaling Pathway Inhibitors Change c-Fos And Cyclin D1 Expression in K562 Cells

Abstract

Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter in the nervous system but it serves also as a paracrine or autocrine factor in different cell types, where it is linked to functions like proliferation and cell differentiation [1][2][3]. mAChRs mediate a wide array of cellular responses to acetylcholine in the central nervous system (CNS) and in non-nervous tissues innervated by the parasymphatic nervous system [4,5]. Muscarinic receptors are involved in diverse actions, including inhibition of adenylate cyclase, breakdown of phosphoinositide, regulation of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, change of Ca 2+ levels and modulation of K channels [6][7][8]. Muscarinic cholinergic receptors can also induce cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation. These effects are cell type dependent and receptor subtype specific. Many cells express a mixture of muscarinic receptor