Multiyear sea ice thermal regimes and oceanic heat flux derived from an ice mass balance buoy in the Arctic Ocean

Lei, Ruibo; Li, Na; Heil, P̀etra; Cheng, Bin; Zhang, Zhanhai; Sun, Bо

doi:10.1002/2012jc008731

Cited by 38 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Between December 2012 and February 2013, the temporal lag of warming in the sea‐ice interior resulted in vertical temperature inversions and a subsequent negative F c. This is a reflection of thermal energy transported into the sea‐ice interior, downward at the top and upward at the base, leading to internal sea‐ice warming and eventually also melt as described by Lei et al . []. This condition was also observed between late December 2013 and February 2014.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

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Seasonal evolution of an ice‐shelf influenced fast‐ice regime, derived from an autonomous thermistor chain

et al. 2015

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Ice shelves strongly interact with coastal Antarctic sea ice and the associated ecosystem by creating conditions favorable to the formation of a sub-ice platelet layer. The close investigation of this phenomenon and its seasonal evolution remains a challenge due to logistical constraints and a lack of suitable methodology. In this study, we characterize the seasonal cycle of Antarctic fast ice adjacent to the Ekstr€ om Ice Shelf in the eastern Weddell Sea. We used a thermistor chain with the additional ability to record the temperature response induced by cyclic heating of resistors embedded in the chain. Vertical sea-ice temperature and heating profiles obtained daily between November 2012 and February 2014 were analyzed to determine sea-ice and snow evolution, and to calculate the basal energy budget. The residual heat flux translated into an ice-volume fraction in the platelet layer of 0.18 6 0.09, which we reproduced by a independent model simulation and agrees with earlier results. Manual drillings revealed an average annual platelet-layer thickness increase of at least 4 m, and an annual maximum thickness of 10 m beneath second-year sea ice. The oceanic contribution dominated the total sea-ice production during the study, effectively accounting for up to 70% of second-year sea-ice growth. In summer, an oceanic heat flux of 21 W m 22 led to a partial thinning of the platelet layer. Our results further show that the active heating method, in contrast to the acoustic sounding approach, is well suited to derive the fast-ice mass balance in regions influenced by ocean/ice-shelf interaction, as it allows subdiurnal monitoring of the platelet-layer thickness.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…A variety of reference levels have been used in the literature, most recently summarized by Lei et al . []. Gough et al .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal evolution of an ice‐shelf influenced fast‐ice regime, derived from an autonomous thermistor chain

et al. 2015

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“…Thermal conductivity is also expected to vary with depth owing to the sharp gradients of snow density near the surface (Brun et al, 2012). Previously, we deduced from snow surface temperature measurements (propagation and dampening of the temperature wave; Lei et al, 2014) that the effective thermal conductivity at Panda Station at 10-cm depth is 0.22 W · K −1 · m −1 while the value at 40-cm depth is 0.33 W · K −1 · m −1 . Figure 6a indicates that the annual amplitude of snow temperature was approximately 5°C less than the surface snow temperature.…”

Section: Subsurface Heat Fluxmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Surface Energy Balance at Panda 1 Station, Princess Elizabeth Land: A Typical Katabatic Wind Region in East Antarctica

et al. 2020

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Using automatic weather station and reanalysis data (ERA5) from 2011 at Panda-1 Station, situated in the katabatic region of Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica, the surface energy balance was calculated using a surface temperature iteration method, and the characteristics of each energy component were analyzed. Downward shortwave and longwave radiation were the two primary energy sources during summer days with seasonal means of 346 and 142 W m −2 . The turbulent fluxes of sensible and latent heat flux represent smaller heat sources. In the annual mean, reflected shortwave radiation exceeds the upward longwave radiation with a seasonal average values of −287 W m −2 . During winter, the shortwave radiation is small, and the main energy input and output terms of the surface energy balance are downward and upward longwave radiation, with seasonal average values of 149 and −159 W m −2 , respectively. The combination of high wind speed and a large near-surface humidity gradient during summer resulted in significant frost depositional events. The total surface frost deposition for the whole year was 24 kg m −2 , which accounted for 61% of the total accumulation (averaged over 10 years). When a high-pressure ridge blocks cyclones and deflects fronts of low-pressure systems to inland East Antarctica during winter, this has a significant impact on the surface energy balance at Panda 1 automatic weather station, with daily sensible and latent heat fluxes increasing by as much as 25 and 12 W m −2 , respectively. These results still contain uncertainties as we only address a single year, when interannual variability may be considerable, and we do not consider drifting snow sublimation.

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“…This method is based on equation and requires ice‐temperature profiles and high‐accuracy measurements of ice accretion/ablation from the ice underside. This can be achieved by using thermistor strings in combination with drill hole measurements [e.g., Lei et al ., ] or by deploying special ice mass balance buoys [ Lei et al ., ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic sea ice growth in the central Weddell Sea, observed in upward‐looking sonar data

2015

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Upward-looking sonar (ULS) data were used to analyze thermodynamic sea ice growth. The study was carried out for an ocean region in the central Weddell Sea, for which data of sea ice thickness variability and of the oceanic heat flux through the ice are rare. In the study area the contribution of sea ice deformation to vertical ice growth is relatively small in some years. This provides the opportunity to simulate thermodynamic sea ice growth considering the influence of a snow cover and of the oceanic heat flux. To this end, a modified version of Stefan's law was used. The resulting ice thickness variations were then compared with the ULS measurements. For the investigated cases, the best consistency between data and model results was obtained assuming a snow layer of less than 5 cm thickness and average oceanic heat fluxes between 6 and 14 W m 22 . It is demonstrated that in conjunction with ice drift data and analytical models for thermal sea ice growth, ULS ice thickness measurements are useful for studying the seasonal cycle of growth and decay and for inferring the magnitude of the average oceanic heat flux under sea ice.

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Multiyear sea ice thermal regimes and oceanic heat flux derived from an ice mass balance buoy in the Arctic Ocean

Abstract: [1] The conductive and oceanic heat fluxes and the mass balance of sea ice were investigated utilizing an ice mass balance buoy (IMB) deployed in the Arctic Ocean. After IMB deployment, the ice thinned from 1.

Cited by 38 publications

References 42 publications

Seasonal evolution of an ice‐shelf influenced fast‐ice regime, derived from an autonomous thermistor chain

Seasonal evolution of an ice‐shelf influenced fast‐ice regime, derived from an autonomous thermistor chain

The Surface Energy Balance at Panda 1 Station, Princess Elizabeth Land: A Typical Katabatic Wind Region in East Antarctica

Thermodynamic sea ice growth in the central Weddell Sea, observed in upward‐looking sonar data

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