Multivariate analysis of the data and speciation of heavy metals in street dust samples from the Organized Industrial District in Kayseri (Turkey)

Tokalıoğlu, Şerife; Kartal, Şenol

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.01.019

Cited by 212 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…PC1 was dominated by Cr, Fe 2 O 3 , and Mn, accounting for 18.21% of the total variance. In general, Fe 2 O 3 and Mn represented a natural geochemical association of major rock-forming elements in soils, which may reflect a natural origin from weathered soil dust [7,19]. The first principal component accounted for most of the variability in the data, and each succeeding component accounted for a reduced percentage of the remaining variability.…”

Section: Multivariate Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Principal component analysis (PCA) is the most common multivariate statistical method used in environmental studies and is employed to extract a small number of latent factors for analyzing relationships among the observed variables [7,19]. Like other multivariate statistical methods, PCA is useful in reducing data dimension while retaining important information and representing variables in a form that can be easily interpreted [6,24].…”

Section: Multivariate Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies focused on element contents, fractionation and contamination assessment, particle-size and spatial distribution, and source identification. Although many studies have concentrated on the total levels of heavy elements in street dust, environmental and health effects of heavy metals in dust are dependent, at least initially, on the mobility and availability of the elements, and mobility and availability is a function of their chemical speciation and partitioning within, or on, dust matrices [10,19]. Previous studies also showed that the chemical fractionation patterns of heavy metals in urban dusts in different locations vary.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies also showed that the chemical fractionation patterns of heavy metals in urban dusts in different locations vary. Meanwhile, the high exchangeable phases of heavy metals in urban dust were found [10,19].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…[8,9,15], domestic emissions, weathering of building and pavement surfaces, and other activities such as waste incineration. Multivariate statistical methods have commonly been applied to assess the sources of heavy metals in urban soils [7,19]. The HRTEM/EDX approach, magnetic, and lead isotopes were also used to identify the source of dust particles in urban dust [13,15,24,25].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Near-Surface Dust

Zhong¹,

Ge²,

Lu³

et al. 2015

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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IntroductionThe continuous urbanization and industrialization that has occurred in many countries over the last few decades has been accompanied by unprecedented environmental changes. Several categories of contaminates, such as heavy metals [1,2] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) [3], etc., are continuously emitted into the terrestrial environment, thus posing a great threat to human health [3][4][5]. Nowadays, more and more people dwell in urban areas. Therefore, the changes of urban environment are crucially important for city dwellers. Heavy metal pollution of urban Pol. J. Environ. Stud. Vol. 24, No. 4 (2015), 1817-1829 AbstractAs a result of the continuous urbanization and industrialization in China over the last few decades, heavy metals have been continuously emitted into urban environments and now pose serious threats to human health. In the present study, an extensive urban near-surface dust survey was conducted in Changchun, China, to evaluate the current status of heavy metal contamination in urban dust and to identify the potential sources. A total of 232 samples were collected and the levels of Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg, As, Cr, and the major elements were then determined. The results indicated that the urban dusts were enriched with metals, particularly Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, and Hg. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to identify sources of heavy metals, and the results revealed distinctly different associations among the trace metals and the major elements in the urban dusts. The concentrations of Cr and As appeared to be controlled by natural factors. Cu and Pb were mainly from vehicle emissions. Zn primarily come from traffic sources, especially vehicle tires. Additionally, Hg primarily originated from coal combustion, while Cd was mainly associated with industrial sources. A revised pollution index for each metal and a Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) of the seven metals were attributed to each sampling site to assess the degree of metal contamination. The results showed that the pollution indexes (PI) of each metal are not especially high. However, a significant degree of metal pollution exists in some urban dusts in Changchun, particularly for Cu, Cd, Zn, and As. The mean value of the Nemerow integrated pollution index (NIPI) of the seven metals also indicated that urban dusts in Changchun city were classified as having moderate levels of pollution. However, it should be noted that about 11% of all samples had a NIPI value above 3, suggesting a high level of contamination by metals. These findings indicate that more attention should be paid to metal pollution of the urban dusts in Changchun in the future.

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Section: Multivariate Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multivariate Statistical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Near-Surface Dust

Zhong¹,

Ge²,

Lu³

et al. 2015

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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An Assessment on Metal Sources by Multivariate Analysis and Speciation of Metals in Soil Samples Using the BCR Sequential Extraction Procedure

Tokalıoğlu

Yılmaz

Kartal

2010

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb metals in soil samples (N ¼ 21) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure (three-step) was used in order to evaluate mobility, availability, and persistence of heavy metals in soil samples taken from an agricultural area in Erciyes University Campus. The operationally defined fractions isolated using the BCR procedure were: acid extractable, reducible, and oxidizable. The mobility sequence based on the sum of the BCR sequential extraction stages was: Mn (70.2%) > Pb (62.9%) > Ni (26.7%) > Cr (15.4%) > Zn (14.4%) > Cu (12.9%) > Fe (1.24%). Multivariate statistical analysis was used to define the possible origin of heavy metals in soils. Correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA) were applied to the data matrix to evaluate the analytical results and to identify the possible pollution sources of heavy metals. PCA results revealed that the sampling area was mainly influenced from three sources, namely natural, airborne emissions from domestic heating and traffic.

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Extended Sediment Quality Rating for Trace Elements in Urban Waters – Case Study Klinke, Germany

Tümpling

Scheibe

Einax

2013

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) commits European Union member states to achieving good ecological status in all water bodies by 2015. For sediments the definition of good chemical status is based on numerical sediment quality guidelines. The aqua regia fraction is thus used for the evaluation of heavy metal concentrations in sediments. The chemical constituents in sediments responsible for mobility and toxicity are not considered generally. This article presents the combining of the sequential BCR procedure, for determining the chemical species of relevant elements, with the geoaccumulation index principle a numerical classification method for sediment quality guidelines. Using the BCR method it can be demonstrated that changes in element speciation can lead to more highly mobile species of trace elements which may affect the hazardous potential of sediments despite the “good chemical status” classification for aqua regia digestions. The Klinke stream is an urban surface water body located in Magdeburg, the state capital of Saxony‐Anhalt, Germany. Using this stream as an example it is shown that this additional information helps to describe the dynamics and discharge of the trace elements Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Mo, Pd, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Bi, and U into the Elbe River from urban water bodies.

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Multivariate analysis of the data and speciation of heavy metals in street dust samples from the Organized Industrial District in Kayseri (Turkey)

Cited by 212 publications

References 28 publications

Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Near-Surface Dust

Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Near-Surface Dust

An Assessment on Metal Sources by Multivariate Analysis and Speciation of Metals in Soil Samples Using the BCR Sequential Extraction Procedure

Extended Sediment Quality Rating for Trace Elements in Urban Waters – Case Study Klinke, Germany

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