Multiscale quantitative characterization of demineralized casein micelles: How the partial excision of nano-clusters leads to the aggregation during rehydration

Properties of micro and nano casein capsules used to protect the active components: A review

“…If casein encapsulates precipitate, a separation via membrane or even decantation could be enough to separate it from the medium, otherwise spray dryness is the most helpful method to separate an aqueous medium. It can be expected that casein obtained by precipitation is larger than that obtained by spray dryness; however, there is no clear evidence on which dry methodology is related with to particle size: when precipitation is used the particle size ranges from 125 nm [] to 500 μm, [29] meanwhile in the use of spray drying the particle size ranges from 100 nm [40] to 25 μm [59] ; those differences can be explained in terms of multifactorial effects, since the type of the casein, the proportion casein/core, the pH of the medium, the solvent ionic strength, the active material, the use of co-polymers; in the spray-drying process, affects the nozzle type, pressure, velocity, viscosity and solid content . [60,61] In freeze-drying was identified that ultrasound decreases the size of the particle from 1.25 μm to 1.1 μm but further evidence is needed [62] ; and for simple evaporation, homogenization decreases the size of the particle from 15 μm to 3.6 μm .…”

The heterogeneous substructure of casein micelles evidenced by SAXS and NMR in demineralized samples

“…The four powder formulations were identified as described previously as the closest to the real demineralization values (rounded off to the real demineralization value). It is also important to mention that the process used to generate and rehydrate all the powders, might have some impact on the structure of casein micelles (Nogueira et al, 2020). For this reason, the «native» sample will always be displayed within quotation marks.…”

“…To measure changes in the number of hydrophobic interaction in the CMs, the Fluorescence spectroscopy (using tryptophan as a probe) has been used. The Fluorescence analysis method used is the one used in our previous publication (Nogueira et al, 2020), using a Fluoromax-4 spectrofluorometer (Jobin Yvon, Horiba, NJ, USA). The angle of the excitation radiation set at 60° and temperature controlled by Haake A25 AC200 temperature controller set to 20° C (Thermo-Scientific, Courtaboeuf, France).…”

“…The SAXS measurements were conducted as described in (Nogueira et al, 2020). All SAXS acquisitions were performed at room temperature (~25 °C) at the French national synchrotron facility SOLEIL in Gif-sur-Yvette, France; on the SWING beamline operating at ~12 keV of photon energy.…”

“…The NMR analysis was conducted as described by Nogueira et al, (2020) using a Bruker AVANCE I; 9.4T (1H: 400 MHz; 31 P: 161.9 MHz) spectrometer, which was used to measure the 31 P spectra, proton ( 1 H), cross-polarization (CP) and the t1 (direct correlation between 31 P and 1 H).…”