Multiplexed imaging for diagnosis and therapy

Abstract

Complex molecular and metabolic phenotypes depict cancers as a constellation of different diseases with common themes. Precision imaging of such phenotypes requires flexible and tuneable modalities capable of identifying phenotypic fingerprints by using a restricted number of parameters whilst ensuring sensitivity to dynamic biological regulation. Common phenotypes can be detected by in vivo imaging technologies, and effectively define the emerging standards for disease classification and patient stratification in radiology. However, for the imaging data to accurately represent a complex fingerprint, the individual imaging parameters need to be measured and analysed in relation to their wider spatial and molecular context. In this respect, targeted palettes of molecular imaging probes facilitate the detection of heterogeneity in oncogene-driven alterations and their response to treatment, and lead to the expansion of rational-design elements for the combination of imaging experiments. In this Review, we evaluate criteria for conducting multiplexed imaging, and discuss its opportunities for improving patient diagnosis and the monitoring of therapy.

Preclinical optimization of antibody‐based radiopharmaceuticals for cancer imaging and radionuclide therapy—Model, vector, and radionuclide selection

“…Such acquisitions reinforce antibody-based imaging approaches by enabling simultaneous interrogation of multiple antigens, as well as the combined interrogation of antigen status together with assessment of anatomic, metabolic or microenvironmental signatures. [68][69][70] In a classic example of simultaneous dual-isotope SPECT, Kelty et al demonstrated potential enhancement of metastatic lesion detectability in prostate cancer with [ 111 In]In-capromab pendetide (ProstaScint®), when ugmented with an anatomic (vascular) signature via 99m Tc-labeled RBCs in a 40-patient clinical trial. 71 Currently the clinical relevance of SPECT remains upheld due to its pivotal use as a theranostic tool, especially in dosimetric monitoring in RIT.…”

“…In contrast to PET, CLI favors high-energy beta-emitting radionuclides, eg, 18 F < 89 Zr < 124 I < 68 Ga < 90 Y. 74,75 Namely, the advantages afforded by high energy beta emitters stems primarily from 2 factors: (1) a greater energy differential with respect to the Cerenkov emission threshold produces more photons along the beta trajectory (ie, higher photon intensity), and (2) increased range of the beta particle results in a greater fraction of imageable photons created near the tissue surface where photon attenuation is decreased.…”

Bioinspired tumor-homing nanosystem for precise cancer therapy via reprogramming of tumor-associated macrophages

“…Conventional cancer treatment methods, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photothermal therapy, and immunotherapy, often lead to treatment failure due to tumor complexity, diversity, and heterogeneity 1 . Multimodal diagnostic and therapeutic agents (theranostics) based on cooperative enhancement between two or more treatments are expected to achieve synergistic therapeutic effects and real-time monitoring of treatment efficacy [2][3][4] . Clinically, comprehensive imaging and therapeutic strategies have been shown to enhance the therapeutic effects for cancer patients 5,6 .…”

Bright Aggregation‐Induced‐Emission Dots for Targeted Synergetic NIR‐II Fluorescence and NIR‐I Photoacoustic Imaging of Orthotopic Brain Tumors

“…As compared to conventional NIR fluorescence imaging in the first NIR window (NIR‐I) (700–900 nm), fluorescence imaging in the second NIR window (NIR‐II) (1000–1700 nm) exhibits salient advantages of deeper penetration and higher spatiotemporal resolution, owing to further reduced photon scattering, absorption, and tissue autofluorescence in biological tissues . Another strategy to overcome the drawbacks of conventional imaging modalities is to use multimodal imaging integrated with two or more modalities, which takes advantages of respective strength and compensates for inherent shortcomings of each modality, leading to increased imaging accuracy . Therefore, NIR‐II fluorescence and multimodal imaging hold great promise in efficient brain‐tumor diagnosis.…”