Multiplex PCR strategy for subtyping the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: ‘SCCmec IV multiplex’

Milheiriço, Catarina; Oliveira, Duarte C.; Lencastre, Herminia Garcez

doi:10.1093/jac/dkm112

Cited by 316 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The structure of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) was determined by multiplex PCR (20), and SCCmec type IV subtyping was done by multiplex PCR (21). Ambiguous results were further tested by amplification of the ccrB gene (22) and comparing the sequences obtained with the ccrB typing tool available at the Instituto de Tecnologia Quimica e Biologica (ITQB) in Portugal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Types of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus Strains Causing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Nasal Colonization, Identified in Community Health Centers in New York City

et al. 2015

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Network (CDN) launched a research and learning collaborative project with six community health centers in the New York City metropolitan area to determine the nature (clonal type) of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus strains causing skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Between November 2011 and March 2013, wound and nasal samples from 129 patients with active SSTIs suspicious for S. aureus were collected and characterized by molecular typing techniques. In 63 of 129 patients, the skin wounds were infected by S. aureus: methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA) was recovered from 39 wounds and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) was recovered from 24. Most-46 of the 63-wound isolates belonged to the CC8/Panton-Valentine leukocidin-positive (PVL ؉ ) group of S. aureus clone USA300: 34 of these strains were MRSA and 12 were MSSA. Of the 63 patients with S. aureus infections, 30 were also colonized by S. aureus in the nares: 16 of the colonizing isolates were MRSA, and 14 were MSSA, and the majority of the colonizing isolates belonged to the USA300 clonal group. In most cases (70%), the colonizing isolate belonged to the same clonal type as the strain involved with the infection. In three of the patients, the identity of invasive and colonizing MRSA isolates was further documented by whole-genome sequencing. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause of bacterial infections in humans worldwide (1), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the main cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) in North America, with a single clone, USA300, accounting for 98% of these infections (2, 3).The first human case of MRSA infection in the United States was reported in Boston, MA, in 1968 (4). MRSA was first detected in hospitals, and over the following decades, it became the main nosocomial pathogen around the world (5). In 1998, the prevalence of MRSA in 12 hospitals throughout the city of New York was assessed (6), and a single MRSA clone was found to be responsible for an overwhelming majority of MRSA infections. The same MRSA clone was subsequently identified as dominant in MRSA infections in 29 hospitals in the tristate area (7), and it was also identified in MRSA infections in Japan (8). This MRSA clone (multilocus sequence typing [MLST] clonal complex CC5, sequence type ST5, SCCmecII, and unique pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] profile)-also known as the "New York/Japan clone" or "MRSA clone USA100"-became the most prevalent MRSA clone involved in MRSA infections in hospitals in the United States in the 1990s (9).In 1993, a new MRSA clone emerged in Kimberley, Western Australia (10), in a community of patients without previous health care contact (community-acquired MRSA [CA-MRSA]). In the late 1990s, CA-MRSA also appeared in the United States and was responsible for the death of four otherwise healthy pediatric patients in Minnesota and North Dakota (11). These new CA-MRSA strains belonged to a clone (USA400/CC1/SCCmecIV)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Types of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus Strains Causing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Nasal Colonization, Identified in Community Health Centers in New York City

et al. 2015

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“…The genetic struc-ture of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (SCCmec) and the presence of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) virulence factor genes (lukS-PV and lukF-PV) were also determined (2,(12)(13)(14). MLST analysis revealed that the mecC-carrying isolate belongs to sequence type 130 (ST130) (CC130).…”

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confidence: 99%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Harboring mecC in Livestock in Spain

et al. 2014

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We report for the first time mecC-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (mecC-MRSA) in livestock in Spain. One isolate (sequence type 130) was found in milk samples among 601 S. aureus isolates obtained from 229 dairy sheep farms. This finding highlights the potential for zoonotic transmission of mecC-positive MRSA and the need for surveillance programs to monitor its presence and clonal evolution.

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“…Basically, the structures of SCCmec consist of a mec gene complex which houses the mecA gene and its regulatory elements, a cassette chromosome recombinases (ccr) complex, and the flanking direct repeat sequences that contain the integration site sequence for SCC. SCCmec is classified based on the combination of ccr gene complex and the class of the mec gene complex, whereas subtyping of SCCmec is performed on basis of the polymorphisms or variations in J re-gions (6)(7)(8)(9). At present, a total of 11 main types of SCCmec with sizes ranging from 20.9 kb to 66.9 kb have been defined by International Working Group on the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements (IWG-SCC) based on their structural features (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of tetM as Compared to tetK Amongst Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Hospitals in Perak, Malaysia

Ong

et al. 2017

Jundishapur J Microbiol

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Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a great concern to public health as it is one of the most successful and adaptable human pathogens. Antibiotic is still the main treatment for infected patients. Therefore, identifying the prevalence of antibiotic resistant genes is essential to reduce the mortality and morbility rate of MRSA-infected patients. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of tetracycline resistance of MRSA and its determinants (tetK and tetM) and their relationship with SCCmec types. Methods: One hundred and seventeen MRSA isolates were collected from different body sites (eg, blood, pus, tissue, synovial fluid, eye, spinal fluid, wound, and nasal cavity) from patients with age of 1-to 90-years old. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out in order to determine tetracycline resistant MRSA. Total DNA was extracted using modified spin column method and subjected to duplex PCR for the amplification of genes of interests (mecA, tetK and tetM) and multiplex PCR for the SCCmec types identification. Results: Out of 117 MRSA isolates, 76.1% were found to be tetracycline resistant, 8.5% were intermediate resistant and 15.4% were susceptible to tetracycline. Among the tetracycline resistant isolates, 97.8% carried tetM, while 42.7% carried tetK. The two genetic determinants were found mostly associated with SCCmec type III MRSA, whereby 95.0% harbored tetM while 37.0% co-carried tetK. tetK was presented alone (9.1%) in SCCmec type IV MRSA, although tetM was found in SCCmec type V MRSA. Conclusions: Tetracycline determinant tetM is more prevalent than tetK in this region of study and most of these determinants are found encoded in SCCmec type III. Since tetracycline antibiotic is losing its efficacy, this antibiotic should be prescribed more wisely.

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Multiplex PCR strategy for subtyping the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: ‘SCCmec IV multiplex’

Cited by 316 publications

References 26 publications

Molecular Types of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus Strains Causing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Nasal Colonization, Identified in Community Health Centers in New York City

Molecular Types of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Sensitive S. aureus Strains Causing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections and Nasal Colonization, Identified in Community Health Centers in New York City

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Harboring mecC in Livestock in Spain

High Prevalence of tetM as Compared to tetK Amongst Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates from Hospitals in Perak, Malaysia

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