Multiple targets of phrase-final lengthening in American English words

Turk, Alice; Shattuck‐Hufnagel, Stefanie

doi:10.1016/j.wocn.2006.12.001

Cited by 216 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Lehiste (1980) demonstrates a correlation between the strength of a linguistic boundary and the length of the segments preceding the boundary. Turk and Shattuck-Hufnagel (2007) show that phrase-final syllables are lengthened, and Byrd and Saltzman (2003) provide evidence of general gestural slowing preceding prosodic boundaries. The correlation of /l/-darkness and duration (e.g., Sproat & Fujimura, 1993;Yuan & Liberman, 2009, 2011a supports an analysis in which some differences in /l/-darkness can be attributed to lengthening of /l/ in final position of a prosodic domain.…”

Section: Lightening and Darkening As Initial Strengthening And Final mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In this view, /l/-lightening can be related to processes of domain-initial strengthening (e.g., Fougeron & Keating, 1996) and patterns of darkening can be related to pre-boundary and final lengthening (e.g., Byrd & Saltzman, 2003;Turk & Shattuck-Hufnagel, 2007), both of which affect the phonetic realization of individual speech sounds.…”

Section: Lightening and Darkening As Initial Strengthening And Final mentioning

confidence: 99%

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North American /l/ both darkens and lightens depending on morphological constituency and segmental context

Mackenzie

Olson

Clayards

et al. 2018

Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology

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It is uncontroversial that, in many varieties of English, the realization of /l/ varies depending on whether /l/ occurs word-initially or word-finally. The nature of this effect, however, remains controversial. Previous analyses alternately analyzed the variation as darkening or lightening, and alternately found evidence that the variation involves a categorical distinction between allophones or a gradient scale conditioned by phonetic factors. We argue that these diverging conclusions are a result of the numerous factors influencing /l/ darkness and differences between studies in terms of which factors are considered. By controlling for a range of factors, our study demonstrates a pattern of variability that has not been shown in previous work. We find evidence of morpheme-final darkening and morpheme-initial lightening when compared to a baseline of morpheme-internal /l/. We also find segmental effects such that, in segmental contexts which independently darken /l/, one can observe /l/ lightening, and contexts which independently lighten /l/ can make lightening effects undetectable. Morphological and prosodic effects are hence sometimes trumped by segmental context. Once contextual effects are controlled for, there is evidence both for morphologically-conditioned /l/-darkening and for morphologicallyconditioned /l/-lightening, both of which can be understood as a result of prosodic differences reflecting morphological junctures.

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Section: Lightening and Darkening As Initial Strengthening And Final mentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Lightening and Darkening As Initial Strengthening And Final mentioning

confidence: 99%

North American /l/ both darkens and lightens depending on morphological constituency and segmental context

Mackenzie

Olson

Clayards

et al. 2018

Laboratory Phonology: Journal of the Association for Laboratory Phonology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Final velocity measurements are taken near the end of a syllable because PENTA assumes that this is where the pitch target is best approximated; semitones, rather than Hz, are used for pitch correlates (except for mean F0) as log scales have been shown to be more representative of auditory perception in linguistic contexts than Hertz (Nolan 2003), allowing us to generalize across speakers with different individual pitch ranges. Pausesany gap in the waveform that is 30ms or more is labelled as a pause -whether they are present or not, and their length, were also taken into account, as well as final lengthening, considered a quasi language-universal phenomenon (Lehiste 1983;Wightman et al 1992;Wagner 2005;Turk & Shattuck-Hufnagel 2007;inter alia). It predicts that syllables that are close to a following prosodic boundary tend to have longer durations than in other positions, ceteris paribus.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fronted NPs in a verb-initial language – clause-internal or external? Prosodic cues to the rescue!

Simard

Wegener

2017

Volume 2

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This paper investigates prosodic features of fronted constituents in the verb-initial Oceanic language Gela (spoken by about 16.000 people in Solomon Islands). Although Gela's basic constituent order is verb-(object-)subject/predicate-subject, constituents can appear in front of the verbal predicate. Fronted constituents in Gela can be interpreted as pre-clausal (i.e. external to the following clause, immediately preceding it) or clause-initial (i.e. clause-internal, at the very beginning of the clause), each of which can be associated with certain information structure categories of topics and focus. This paper discusses how prosody provides clues towards the interpretation of fronted constituents as pre-clausal or clause-initial, based on a quantitative study of their prosodic correlates. We argue for using prosodic criteria established on clear examples to help analyse ambiguous cases. The results are compatible with an approach that recognises the importance of prosody in syntactic analysis and contribute data from a little known language to the discussion to what degree prosodic and syntactic phrasing are aligned.

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“…Les 3 contextes ont été conçus pour mettre les mots cibles dans des positions où l'on serait amené à les prononcer en fin de syntagme prosodique et avec un pitch accent, comme ces facteurs influent sur la production (Fougeron & Keating, 1997 ;Turk & Shattuck-Hufnagel, 2007 inter alia ; pour une discussion des pitch accents de l'irlandais, voir Dalton & Ní Chasaide, 2005).…”

Section: L'éclipse De L'irlandaisunclassified

La liaison : approches contemporaines

2014

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Multiple targets of phrase-final lengthening in American English words

Cited by 216 publications

References 18 publications

North American /l/ both darkens and lightens depending on morphological constituency and segmental context

North American /l/ both darkens and lightens depending on morphological constituency and segmental context

Fronted NPs in a verb-initial language – clause-internal or external? Prosodic cues to the rescue!

La liaison : approches contemporaines

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