Multiple Sclerosis and Black Holes

Signal Intensity Normalization of Multispectal Magnetic Resonance Images Obtained with Clinical Sequences

“…Tissue segmentation tools (e.g., FAST, FreeSurfer [11,14]) as well as many WML segmentation tools (e.g., using machine learning algorithms [4,19]) use both tissue intensity and anatomical pri- Lesion identication per se is only one application of image intensity gradients. In both MS and cerebral small vessel disease, WMLs are dynamic entities capable of expansion or contraction [8,7] or histological conversion e.g., into black holes [25]. Consideration of tissue gradients potentially allows for the sub-voxel determination of lesion boundaries as described in Figure 1.…”

Signal Intensity Normalization of Multispectal Magnetic Resonance Images Obtained with Clinical Sequences

“…Tissue segmentation tools (e.g., FAST, FreeSurfer [11,14]) as well as many WML segmentation tools (e.g., using machine learning algorithms [4,19]) use both tissue intensity and anatomical pri- Lesion identication per se is only one application of image intensity gradients. In both MS and cerebral small vessel disease, WMLs are dynamic entities capable of expansion or contraction [8,7] or histological conversion e.g., into black holes [25]. Consideration of tissue gradients potentially allows for the sub-voxel determination of lesion boundaries as described in Figure 1.…”

Inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a potential therapy against oligodendrocyte death

“…In this article, we used cuprizone-induced demyelination as an animal model for oligodendrocyte depletion, as observed in multiple sclerosis, and its prevention by PARP inhibition. Demyelination and oligodendrocyte death are two of the general features of multiple sclerosis, which have even been suggested to be the primary events in lesion evolution, and may contribute to chronic inflammation through epitope spreading and axonal degeneration, which correlates with clinical disability (Naismith and Cross, 2005). Alternatively, oligodendrocyte injury and tissue destruction may be the consequence of the inflammatory process of multiple sclerosis (Smith and Lassmann, 2002; Lassmann et al ., 2007).…”

Composite MRI scores improve correlation with EDSS in multiple sclerosis

“…This result agrees with published literature, which has generally observed that T1 lesion load strongly correlates with EDSS. 11 However, an editorial by Naismith and Cross 47 suggests that correlation between T1 lesions and disability in the RRMS subtype alone are poor, though they only cite one study with a large population sample (r ¼ 0.19, n ¼ 239). 48 It is possible that some of the inconsistency between studies is due to the same degrading effect of large population size discussed above.…”

Signal Intensity Normalization of Multispectal Magnetic Resonance Images Obtained with Clinical Sequences

“…Tissue segmentation tools (e.g., FAST, FreeSurfer [11,14]) as well as many WML segmentation tools (e.g., using machine learning algorithms [4,19]) use both tissue intensity and anatomical pri- Lesion identication per se is only one application of image intensity gradients. In both MS and cerebral small vessel disease, WMLs are dynamic entities capable of expansion or contraction [8,7] or histological conversion e.g., into black holes [25]. Consideration of tissue gradients potentially allows for the sub-voxel determination of lesion boundaries as described in Figure 1.…”

Inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a potential therapy against oligodendrocyte death

“…In this article, we used cuprizone-induced demyelination as an animal model for oligodendrocyte depletion, as observed in multiple sclerosis, and its prevention by PARP inhibition. Demyelination and oligodendrocyte death are two of the general features of multiple sclerosis, which have even been suggested to be the primary events in lesion evolution, and may contribute to chronic inflammation through epitope spreading and axonal degeneration, which correlates with clinical disability (Naismith and Cross, 2005). Alternatively, oligodendrocyte injury and tissue destruction may be the consequence of the inflammatory process of multiple sclerosis (Smith and Lassmann, 2002; Lassmann et al ., 2007).…”

Composite MRI scores improve correlation with EDSS in multiple sclerosis

“…This result agrees with published literature, which has generally observed that T1 lesion load strongly correlates with EDSS. 11 However, an editorial by Naismith and Cross 47 suggests that correlation between T1 lesions and disability in the RRMS subtype alone are poor, though they only cite one study with a large population sample (r ¼ 0.19, n ¼ 239). 48 It is possible that some of the inconsistency between studies is due to the same degrading effect of large population size discussed above.…”

Signal Intensity Normalization of Multispectal Magnetic Resonance Images Obtained with Clinical Sequences

“…Tissue segmentation tools (e.g., FAST, FreeSurfer [11,14]) as well as many WML segmentation tools (e.g., using machine learning algorithms [4,19]) use both tissue intensity and anatomical pri- Lesion identication per se is only one application of image intensity gradients. In both MS and cerebral small vessel disease, WMLs are dynamic entities capable of expansion or contraction [8,7] or histological conversion e.g., into black holes [25]. Consideration of tissue gradients potentially allows for the sub-voxel determination of lesion boundaries as described in Figure 1.…”

Inhibiting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: a potential therapy against oligodendrocyte death

“…In this article, we used cuprizone-induced demyelination as an animal model for oligodendrocyte depletion, as observed in multiple sclerosis, and its prevention by PARP inhibition. Demyelination and oligodendrocyte death are two of the general features of multiple sclerosis, which have even been suggested to be the primary events in lesion evolution, and may contribute to chronic inflammation through epitope spreading and axonal degeneration, which correlates with clinical disability (Naismith and Cross, 2005). Alternatively, oligodendrocyte injury and tissue destruction may be the consequence of the inflammatory process of multiple sclerosis (Smith and Lassmann, 2002; Lassmann et al ., 2007).…”

Composite MRI scores improve correlation with EDSS in multiple sclerosis

“…This result agrees with published literature, which has generally observed that T1 lesion load strongly correlates with EDSS. 11 However, an editorial by Naismith and Cross 47 suggests that correlation between T1 lesions and disability in the RRMS subtype alone are poor, though they only cite one study with a large population sample (r ¼ 0.19, n ¼ 239). 48 It is possible that some of the inconsistency between studies is due to the same degrading effect of large population size discussed above.…”