Multiple Realities of Women’s Work Experiences in Coaching and Athletic Management

Inglis, Sue; Danylchuk, Karen; Pastore, Donna L.

doi:10.1123/wspaj.9.2.1

Cited by 74 publications

(67 citation statements)

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“…Rankin-Wright, 2015;Allen and Shaw, 2009;Norman et al, 2014), and that many women coaches do not have faith or trust in those who are responsible for organising and leading their sport (e.g. Norman, 2008;2010;Allen and Shaw, 2013;Inglis et al, 2000). Our findings add that as well as 'race'…”

Section: Social Actualisationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Surviving rather than thriving: Understanding the experiences of women coaches using a theory of gendered social well-being

Norman

Rankin-Wright

2016

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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In shifting our gaze to the sociological impact of being in the minority, the purpose of this study was to substantiate a model of gendered social well-being to appraise women coaches' circumstances, experiences and challenges as embedded within the social structures and relations of their profession. This is drawn on indepth interviews with a sample of head women coaches within the UK. The findings demonstrate that personal lives, relationships, social and family commitments were sidelined by many of the participants in order to meet the expectations of being a (woman) coach. We locate these experiences in the organisational practices of high performance sport which hinder women coaches from having meaningful control over their lives. The complexities of identity are also revealed through the interplay of gender with (dis)ability, age and whiteness as evidence of hegemonic femininity within the coaching profession. Consequently, for many women, coaching is experienced as a 'developmental dead-end'. IntroductionThe coaching literature and indeed, sport and gender research more broadly, is saturated with studies and writing around the issue of women's underrepresentation as coaches. The consensus is that the coaching profession has long been and continues to be, a white male dominated occupation and that this is a global issue. Within the UK, the context for the present study, the statistic remains that only one in five qualified coaches are women (Sports Coach UK, 2011). Globally, figures reveal that one in ten accredited Olympic coaches are women (Norman, 2014). To provide country-specific examples, Australia currently have no women as national managers for any sport other than for gymnastics and netball (Robertson, 2016). In Germany, 10% of high performance coaches and 13% of professional coaches are women (Robertson, 2016).Paradoxically, in Finland, a country known for its societal and political embrace of the notions of gender 2 equality, men are in the majority in coaching. In team sports, two thirds of head coaching roles are taken by men (Robertson, 2016). In Canada, the percentage of women in both high performance coaching and university head coaching roles is approximately 20% (Coaching Association of Canada, 2012;Donnelly and Kidd, 2011). Within the UK, the underrepresentation persists despite an improvement in wider social attitudes and legislation towards equality and diversity within the UK society (Equality and Human Rights Commission, 2010) and the action in response to this legislative pressure by sporting organisations and national governing bodies. Since the introduction of the 2010 Equality Act by the UK Government, within sport and coaching there has been an increasing interest in and emergence of equalities on the agenda of policy makers and organisations (Nottinghamshire County Council, 2010), as part of a broader trend towards mainstreaming equality across the sectors (Mulderrig, 2007). Sporting governing bodies and organisations are seemingly providing more opportunities for minor...

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Section: Social Actualisationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Surviving rather than thriving: Understanding the experiences of women coaches using a theory of gendered social well-being

Norman

Rankin-Wright

2016

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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“…Although Weinberg et al's sample (junior high, senior high, and collegiate male and female basketball players) was different than the sample used in this study (Division II collegiate male and female athletes from various sports), this comparison may mean that female athletes' perceptions of a female coach have not changed since 1984. Recent research has indicated that sport, and specifically collegiate athletics, may be a difficult work environment for female coaches (Inglis, Danylchuk, & Pastore, 2000;Kamphoff, in press;Theberge, 1993;Thorngren, 1990). The percentage of collegiate female head coaches of women's teams has steadily declined since the passage of Title IX and female coaches remain practically non-existent for men's teams (Acosta & Carpenter, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Collegiate Athletes’ Gendered Perceptions of a Hypothetical Male and Female Coach

Rittenhouse-Wollmuth

Kamphoff

Lim

2010

Journal of Coaching Education

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Historically, the world of sport is considered a masculine domain characterized by power, aggression, and physical contact (Hall, 1996). The exclusionary elements of the male culture of sport have created gender inequities in participation (Birrell & Theberge, 1994), and a gendered perception of male and female coaches (Frankl & Babitt, 1998; Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984). The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of male and female collegiate athletes of a hypothetical male and female coach, and to determine if female coaches are more accepted compared to Weinberg et al.'s study investigating male and female athletes' perceptions of a hypothetical coach. The Attitudinal Questionnaire (Weinberg, Reveles, & Jackson, 1984) was utilized to determine athletes' attitudes about a hypothetical coach. A 2 x 2 MANOVA indicated a significant interaction between the gender of a hypothetical head coach and the gender of an athlete, and a significant main effect for gender. Univariate ANOVA results indicate that males and females differed in their attitudes and perceptions of both a hypothetical male and female head coach. The female athletes, compared to male athletes, were more likely to be accepting of coaches regardless of the coaches' gender. Furthermore, male athletes were less accepting of female coaches. In addition, when comparing the means of the current study to Weinberg et al.'s (1984) study, results indicate that female coaches were not more accepted than in 1984.

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“…However, such sacrifice may lead to pressure and strain within the coaching role, which may end in burnout and withdrawal (Inglis et al, 2000;Theberge, 1992;Weiss and Stevens, 1993).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Job satisfaction levels of Turkish judo coaches

Gençay¹,

Gençay²

2012

Afr. J. Bus. Manage.

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The primary purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in judo coaches' job satisfaction by demographic variables. Secondary purpose is to study judo coaches' job satisfaction level by occupational and work place variables. Fifty five of the subjects were males and 10 of them were females, sixty five Judo coaches in total were tested with job satisfaction questionnaire developed by Hackman and Oldham (1975). Differences among variables were examined by one way ANOVA. Alpha 0.05 was taken. It was determined in the research that there were no differences (p>0.05) in job satisfaction by gender, income from coaching, daily working hours, occupational experience and work environment in judo coaches' job satisfaction level but there were differences (p<0.05) by occupational view of the future, choosing the same profession and approach of the manager of business place to them.

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Multiple Realities of Women’s Work Experiences in Coaching and Athletic Management

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Surviving rather than thriving: Understanding the experiences of women coaches using a theory of gendered social well-being

Surviving rather than thriving: Understanding the experiences of women coaches using a theory of gendered social well-being

Collegiate Athletes’ Gendered Perceptions of a Hypothetical Male and Female Coach

Job satisfaction levels of Turkish judo coaches

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