Multiple Pathway for Agricultural Labour Adaptation in a Vietnamese Village under the Context of Revonation

Abstract

The revival of family farming with rural out migration has undisputable contribution for household livelihoods. This paper aimed to figure out the relationship between migration and agricultural labour adaptation in Vietnamese rural areas. Based on qualitative and quantitative analysis, this study showed that migration had complicated impacts on labour management intra-household for sustaining agricultural activities, there is no remarkable agricultural labour deficit created due to internal migration in the meso level. In contrast with reported trend on de-agrarianization due to productive migrants, this paper argued that rural households manage to have multiple pathways to maintain farming. Their strategy is the combination of changing agricultural scheme, renting labour or develop the multi-spacial household rural households in response with this new context of labour loss for migration. The strong commitments and obligations between family members show that the multi-spacial household model is well-functioning with mutual support divided across space.

Rwanda’s Land Policy Reform: Self-Employment Perspectives from a Case Study of Kimonyi Sector

“…Land 2021, 10, 117 2 of 17 Domestic units in rural areas which are facing the constraints of a context of renovation try to implement multiple pathways as job alternatives. A Vietnamese study concluded that the rural population continues to choose both on-farm and off-farm jobs to overcome the constraints of socio-economic changes [9]. Off-farm or on-farm job alternatives do not automatically represent self-employment.…”

“…There is a high risk of impeding a holistic approach by creating artificial boundaries [17]. On the one hand, off-farm employment is supposed to be abundant in urban areas and the surrounding zone, even if job-seekers live in or come from rural areas, especially in the agricultural sector [9]. On the other hand, rural areas are continuously being converted into urban zones as the Rwandan "master plan" of land use is supposed to be updated every five years.…”