Multiple Gene Copies for Bombyxin, an Insulin-related Peptide of the Silkmoth : Structural Signs for Gene Rearrangement and Duplication Responsible for Generation of Multiple Molecular Forms of Bombyxin

Kondo, Hidehiko; Ino, Masahiro; Suzuki, Akira; Ishizaki, Hironori; Iwami, Masafumi

doi:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0370

Cited by 86 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Thus, DNA recombination mechanisms could be occurring when neurons are becoming engaged in new information storage. Genomic recombination might be occurring on gene substrates associated with cell recognition or cell-cell communication, such as those encoding for cadherins (Wu and Maniatis, 2000;Hirayama et al, 2001;Yagi, 2003;Yanase et al, 2004), Ig-like cell adhesion molecules, or T-cell receptors (Syken and Shatz, 2003;Nishiyori et al, 2004), and neuropeptides (Kondo et al, 1996). Once target genes are rearranged, the novel mRNAs and proteins may be directed to any specific neuronal compartment where their function is required for memory maintenance and potentially provide for synapse specificity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inhibitor of DNA Recombination Blocks Memory Consolidation, But Not Reconsolidation, in Context Fear Conditioning

Colón-Cesario¹,

Wang²,

Ramos³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

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Genomic recombination requires cutting, processing, and rejoining of DNA by endonucleases, polymerases, and ligases, among other factors. We have proposed that DNA recombination mechanisms may contribute to long-term memory (LTM) formation in the brain. Our previous studies with the nucleoside analog 1-␤-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine triphosphate (ara-CTP), a known inhibitor of DNA ligases and polymerases, showed that this agent blocked consolidation of conditioned taste aversion without interfering with short-term memory (STM). However, because polymerases and ligases are also essential for DNA replication, it remained unclear whether the effects of this drug on consolidation were attributable to interference with DNA recombination or neurogenesis. Here we show, using C57BL/6 mice, that ara-CTP specifically blocks consolidation but not STM of context fear conditioning, a task previously shown not to require neurogenesis. The effects of a single systemic dose of cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) on LTM were evident as early as 6 h after training. In addition, although ara-C impaired LTM, it did not impair general locomotor activity nor induce brain neurotoxicity. Importantly, hippocampal, but not insular cortex, infusions of ara-C also blocked consolidation of context fear conditioning. Separate studies revealed that context fear conditioning training significantly induced nonhomologous DNA end joining activity indicative of DNA ligasedependent recombination in hippocampal, but not cortex, protein extracts. Finally, unlike inhibition of protein synthesis, systemic ara-C did not block reconsolidation of context fear conditioning. Our results support the idea that DNA recombination is a process specific to consolidation that is not involved in the postreactivation editing of memories.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Inhibitor of DNA Recombination Blocks Memory Consolidation, But Not Reconsolidation, in Context Fear Conditioning

Colón-Cesario¹,

Wang²,

Ramos³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

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“…A substantial body of work in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, has identified a minimum of 38 bombyxin genes (Kondo et al, 1996). This protein was first identified in B. mori and has been found ubiquitously in Lepidoptera (Nagasawa et al, 1986 (Brogiolo et al, 2001).…”

Section: Insulin-like Proteins In Insectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional sensitivity of fifth instar prothoracic glands in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

Walsh

Smith

2011

Journal of Insect Physiology

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The tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, has been a useful model for studying insect endocrinology. In M. sexta the majority of growth occurs during the fifth (final) larval stage. This growth is concurrent with endocrine changes that lead to a metamorphic molt. Past research has focused on the interplay of three growth hormones: juvenile hormone (JH), prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) and ecdysone, in regulating metamorphosis. The prothoracic glands, source of ecdysteroid molting hormones in insects, play a crucial role in coordinating growth. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling has been shown to regulate growth and secretion of steroidogenic tissues in both vertebrates and invertebrates, but it had yet to be well-characterized in M. sexta.In this dissertation I examined the role of insulin-directed growth in prothoracic glands during both normal larval development and in response to nutrient deprivation. In particular, I predicted that in response to a reduction in nutrients, the prothoracic glands would stop growing and ecdysone secretion would be reduced. Changes were assessed in actin abundance and in two nutritionally sensitive transcripts, insulin receptor and 4EBP.Actin abundance in prothoracic glands increased in the first four days of this stage, demo nstrating significant growth. Actin decreased in glands from starved larvae, indicating a cessation of growth. Both insulin receptor and 4EBP transcript were present during normal larval development. As expected, both insulin receptor and 4EBP transcript increased in response to starvation. This research was the first demonstration of insulin signaling in prothoracic glands of fifth instar M. sexta larvae, and revealed nutritional sensitivity of the prothoracic glands. 5Finally, ecdysone assays were conducted to determine the impact of nutrition on glandular secretory capacity. Starved larvae were unable to secrete as much ecdysone as fed controls. Injections of insulin were unable to rescue the ability of the glands to secrete high levels of ecdysone. This demonstrated that although insulin signaling was correlated with normal growth of the glands, insulin is not sufficient to impact the ability of the glands to secrete ecdysone in the absence of nutrie nts. 6 This thesis is dedicated to my parents,Robert and Angela Walsh, whose love and support made this dissertation possible.

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“…Bombyxin from the silkmoth Bombyx mori, the Drosophila insulin-like peptide and the C. elegans insulin-like peptide are also members of multigene families that encode several structurally related but distinct peptides (Kondo et al 1996, Duret et al 1998, Rulifson et al 2002. As it was anticipated that heterogeneous molecules also exist in Pacific oyster, we attempted to clone other oIRP family members by low stringency hybridization.…”

Section: An Insulin-related Peptide In the Pacific Oyster · K Hamano mentioning

confidence: 99%

cDNA structure of an insulin-related peptide in the Pacific oyster and seasonal changes in the gene expression

Hamano¹,

Awaji²,

Usuki³

2005

Journal of Endocrinology

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Insulin-related peptide cDNA was characterized in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. It was determined that three transcripts with differing lengths of 3 -untranslated region (3 -UTR) were expressed in the visceral ganglia. The insulin-related peptide cDNA contained a number of AUUUA motifs that were typical of adenylate/uridylaterich elements in the 3 -UTR. The deduced preprohormone was a polypeptide of 161 residues and showed a conformation typical of preprohormones of the insulin superfamily, which included conserved amino acids necessary to adopt the globular insulin structure. The expression of the three different transcripts was variable throughout the year, with the highest expression observed in March and lower expression in November and July.

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Multiple Gene Copies for Bombyxin, an Insulin-related Peptide of the Silkmoth : Structural Signs for Gene Rearrangement and Duplication Responsible for Generation of Multiple Molecular Forms of Bombyxin

Cited by 86 publications

References 33 publications

An Inhibitor of DNA Recombination Blocks Memory Consolidation, But Not Reconsolidation, in Context Fear Conditioning

An Inhibitor of DNA Recombination Blocks Memory Consolidation, But Not Reconsolidation, in Context Fear Conditioning

Nutritional sensitivity of fifth instar prothoracic glands in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

cDNA structure of an insulin-related peptide in the Pacific oyster and seasonal changes in the gene expression

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