Multiple Combinations of P[13]-Like Genotype with G3, G4, and G5 in Porcine Rotaviruses

Abstract

Epidemiological surveillance of porcine rotavirus (PoRV) strains was carried out in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand, from 2002 to 2003, and eight rotavirus isolates could not be completely typed by PCR. Of these, six were G3 and one was G4 and displayed a P-nontypeable genotype, while another isolate was both G and P nontypeable. Analysis of a partial VP4 gene of all eight P-nontypeable strains revealed a high degree of amino acid sequence identities (94.7% to 100%), suggesting that they belonged to the same P genotype. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of two representative strains (namely, strains CMP178 and CMP213) with those of 27 other known P genotypes revealed a high degree of amino acid sequence identity with those of P Group A rotaviruses are the most important etiologic agents of severe diarrhea in young children and young animals worldwide. In developing countries, these severe diarrhea cases lead to an estimated 454,000 to 705,000 deaths annually among children under 5 years of age (32). Group A rotaviruses are members of the Reoviridae family with nonenveloped icosahedral particles. The mature virion is formed by three concentric layers of proteins that enclosed a genome of 11 segments of double-stranded RNA. Rotaviruses are classified according to the genetic and antigenic diversity of the two outer capsid proteins, VP4 and VP7. These proteins independently induce type-specific neutralizing antibodies and form the basis of the dual classification of group A rotaviruses into the P (protease sensitive) and the G (glycoprotein) serotypes, respectively (5, 17).Rotaviruses express extensive antigenic and genomic diversities. To date, at least 15 G genotypes and 26 P genotypes have been identified from humans and a variety of animal species (5,22,26,28,30,35,36). Most recently, several groups of investigators have proposed a novel genotype, P[27], which was isolated from diarrheic piglets (18,25,38). Generally, rotaviruses of the same G genotypes share at least 90 to 91% VP7 amino acid sequence identity (11,12,13,16). Rotavirus strains sharing Ն89% VP4 amino acid sequence identities are considered to belong to the same P genotype, while those sharing VP4 amino acid sequence identities of Ͻ89% belong to different genotypes (2, 5, 7). Moreover, the VP8* trypsin-cleavage product of VP4 coding for amino acids (aa) 13 to 250, including the greatest sequence divergent region (aa 71 to 204), correlates well with VP4 genotype specificity (20,21).Several epidemiological studies have demonstrated that among porcine rotaviruses (PoRVs), G3, G4, and G5, are the most common G genotypes and usually associate with the P[6] or P [7] genotype (5,23,39,40). In addition, other G and P types, such as G1, G2, G6, G8, G9, and G10 and P [13] (1,3,5,9,10,16,18,27,29,33,34,37,39,40,41). Accordingly, a comprehensive genotypic characterization of the rotavirus strains circulating in domestic animal populations, especially pigs, is important to define the extent of rotavirus diversity.Rotavirus strains bearing P[13] genotype spe...

Molecular characterization of VP4, VP6, VP7, NSP4, and NSP5/6 genes identifies an unusual G3P[10] human rotavirus strain

“…Although epidemiological surveillance and genotype identification of rotavirus infections in human and pig populations in Chiang Mai, Thailand, have been carried out extensively over the past two decades, the P[10] genotype had never been reported previously [Maneekarn and Ushijima, 2000;Maneekarn et al, 2006;Khamrin et al, 2006bKhamrin et al, , 2007cChan-It et al, 2008]. The present study conducted in 2005 described the detection of an unusual strain of G3P[10] (CMH079/05) in a 2-year-old boy admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis.…”

Predominance of Porcine P[23] Genotype Rotaviruses in Piglets with Diarrhea in Northern Thailand

“…In addition, one rare G2P[27] strain, three G3P [6] strains, one G4P [13] strain, two G5P [13] strains, and one G9P [7] strain were isolated (6,11). From 2002 to 2003, a multiple combination of the P [13] genotype with G3, G4, and G5 was detected, with the appearance of G3P [6] as a major genotype (2). In this study, the surveillance was carried out between 2006 and 2008 and the emergence of the P[23] genotype in combination with G3 or G9 genotypes was identified.…”

“…In northern Thailand, epidemiological surveillances of porcine rotaviruses from diarrheal piglets have been investigated (2,6,11). The aims of this study were to conduct a consecutive surveillance of porcine rotavirus in the same geographical area from 2006 to 2008 and to molecularly characterize the detected rotavirus strains.…”

“…Rotaviruses G3, G4, G5, and G11 are the common G genotypes identified in pigs and are usually associated with P [5], P [6], and P [28]. In addition, several unusual P and G genotypes, such as P [13], P [19], P[23], P[26], and P[27] and G1, G2, G6, G8, G9, and G10, have also been identified from pigs (2,6,11,12,13,19).…”

Phylogenetic Analyses of the VP4 and VP7 Genes of Porcine Group A Rotaviruses in São Paulo State, Brazil: First Identification of G5P[23] in Piglets

“…The G3 and G5 genotypes of porcine group A rotaviruses have been reported in different countries, including the United States, Canada, Japan, Thailand, and Brazil (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). However, the G9 genotype presented the highest degree of amino acid identity with a human strain (96.6% to the sequence with accession number AF060487).…”