Multiparametric, Flexible Microsensor Platform for Metabolic Monitoring <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">\(In~Vivo\) </tex-math></inline-formula>

Neurometabolic and electrophysiological changes during cortical spreading depolarization: multimodal approach based on a lactate-glucose dual microbiosensor arrays

“…The polyurethane membrane is required to extend the linear range, which is critical for lactate measurement considering the low apparent K M of LOx 33 . Coherently, polyurethane promoted a significant increase in K M both for lactate (from 1.4 ± 0.2 mM to 22 ± 6 mM, unpublished) and glucose (from 6.6 ± 0.2 mM 29 to 80 ± 14 mM), in accordance to data reported by others 16, 30, 32 . This effect is consequence of the diffusion limitation of analyte versus O 2 imposed by the polyurethane layer and unlikely due to an actual change in enzyme kinetics.…”

“…The detailed in vitro characterization revealed that the dual glucose and lactate oxidase- microbiosensor array, based on an efficient glutaraldehyde immobilization procedure following polyurethane coating, exhibit suitable analytical performance towards measurements in brain tissue, in particular a good linear range, high sensitivity and selectivity. In particular the sensitivity and linear range are comparable with data previously reported for planar microbiosensors 30, 31 and Pt-wire-based microbionsensors 32 similarly modified with phenylenediamines and polyurethane. The polyurethane membrane is required to extend the linear range, which is critical for lactate measurement considering the low apparent K M of LOx 33 .…”

“…Finally, we anticipate the application of this multimodal approach to not be limited to the SD context. Indeed, in the brain, this approach, coupled to pharmacology, can be useful to provide relevant insights that help to deep the knowledge of the neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling both in physiological and in pathological conditions 30, 38 . Another potential application is cancer, in which LOx-GOx-MBA can pave the way to novel experimental approaches to evaluate metabolic profiling in tumor microenvironment 32 .…”

Amperometric Bioelectronic Tongue for glucose determination

“…In addition, since perm -elective membranes are often deposited by spin coating, the membrane pore size and thickness are difficult to control [6]. Chemical interference by other species that can be oxidized or reduced is also problematic during oxidoreductase-based biosensing of alcohols, phenols, sugars, and metabolic intermediates by amperometric monitoring of either O 2 depletion or H 2 O 2 formation [7][8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…Here we report an amperometric Bioelectronic Tongue that contains enzyme electrodes for determination of glucose ascorbic acid, uric acid, and acetaminophen in controlled mixtures, and compare the response of individual sensors with the pattern response of the entire array. While others have reported electrode arrays that include multiple oxidoreductase enzymes, they have analyzed only the individual electrode responses, not the collective array response [7,8,11,12].…”