Multiorgan and Renal Tropism of SARS-CoV-2

Puelles, Victor G.; Lütgehetmann, Marc; Lindenmeyer, Maja T.; Sperhake, Jan; Wong, Milagros; Allweiss, Lena; Chilla, Silvia; Heinemann, Axel; Wanner, Nicola; Liu, Shuya; Braun, Fabian; Lu, Shun; Pfefferle, Susanne; Schröder, Ann Sophie; Edler, Carolin; Groß, Oliver; Glatzel, Markus; Wichmann, Dominic; Wiech, Thorsten; Kluge, Stefan; Pueschel, Klaus; Aepfelbacher, Martin; Huber, Tobias B.

doi:10.1056/nejmc2011400

Cited by 1,693 publications

(1,862 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…SARS-CoV-2 viral particles were originally visualized in ultrathin sections of human airway epithelial cells 1 . Later, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, and rectum specimens 8 as well as in the kidney 7 . These results are consistent with single-cell sequencing data ( Supplementary Table 1) showing that ACE2 is highly expressed in the kidney and digestive system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AXL Promotes SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Pulmonary and Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Wang

Qiu

Hou

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a global public health challenge. The viral pathogen responsible, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), binds to a host receptor ACE2 through its spike (S) glycoprotein, which mediates membrane fusion and virus entry. Although the role of ACE2 as a receptor for SARS-CoV-2 is clear, studies have shown that ACE2 expression across different human tissues is extremely low, especially in pulmonary and bronchial cells. Thus, other host receptors and/or co-receptors that promote the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells of the respiratory system might exist. In this study, we have identified tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO (AXL), specifically interacts with SARS-CoV-2 S on the host cell membrane. When overexpressed in cells that do not highly express either AXL or ACE2, AXL promotes virus entry as efficiently as ACE2. Strikingly, deleting AXL, but not ACE2, significantly reduces infection of pulmonary cells by the SARS-CoV-2 virus pseudotype. Soluble human recombinant AXL, but not ACE2, blocks SARS-CoV-2 virus pseudotype infection in pulmonary cells. Taken together, our findings suggest AXL may play an important role in promoting SARS-CoV-2 infection of the human respiratory system and is a potential target in future clinical intervention strategies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AXL Promotes SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Pulmonary and Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Wang

Qiu

Hou

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…31 Along with cholangiocytes, TMPRSS2 is also expressed in periportal liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and erythroid cells in liver, suggesting a pathologic basis for infection of liver by SARS-CoV-2. 30 In an autopsy series of 22 patients, 32 low-levels of viral RNA were detectable in liver tissues. Viral particles have also been shown to be abundant in the cytoplasm of infected hepatocytes.…”

Section: Postulated Mechanisms Of Liver Injury Ace2 In Liver Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gastrointestinal and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19

Taneja

Mehtani

Chawla

2020

Annals of the National Academy of Medical Sciences (India)

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A novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 illness, has spread throughout the world after the first case was reported from Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This illness typically causes respiratory symptoms like fever, cough, and shortness of breath, although atypical presentation with gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea are being increasingly reported. The viral RNA has been detected in saliva and stool of such patients, which raises concerns regarding the risk of transmission during gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy. Many patients also have liver involvement, with the most common manifestation being deranged liver function tests. This review highlights the symptomatology, mechanism, and histopathology findings of SARS-CoV-2 in GI tract and liver. This review also focuses on implications of COVID-19 in patients afflicted with chronic liver disease and in patients undergoing liver transplantation.

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“…▪ So wurden in allen drei Zelltypen elektronenmikroskopisch und immunhistochemisch Virionen bzw. das S-Protein von SARS-CoV-2 direkt nachgewiesen [2,3]. ▪ Die elektronenmikroskopische Erscheinungsform der intrazellulär in Clustern gelegenen Virionen sprach zudem für eine Replikation von SARS-CoV-2 in Zellen des proximalen Tubulus.…”

Section: Nierenbefundeunclassified

COVID-19 aus Sicht des Nephrologen

Kann¹,

Benzing²

2020

Dtsch Med Wochenschr

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Increasing insight into the clinical phenotype and mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infections and COVID-19 has identified damage of the kidneys as a key player in the course of the disease. This manuscript summarizes the current knowledge on direct viral infection of kidney tissue, proteinuria and acute kidney injury in COVID-19, and management of patients on chronic dialysis as well as after kidney transplantation. Direct infection of podocytes and proximal tubular cells by SARS-CoV-2 has been confirmed and results in proteinuria and hematuria at an early stage of COVID-19. In this context, any kidney affection is a predictor of worse outcomes among COVID-19 patients irrespective of the initial presentation and increases the risk of acute kidney injury. Specific therapies for kidney damage and acute kidney injury within COVID-19 that could be generally recommended are currently lacking. Patients on chronic hemodialysis in particular are at risk for contracting SARS-CoV-2 infections as indicated by outbreaks and super-spreading events in hemodialysis facilities. Immunosuppressive therapy after kidney transplantation needs to be adapted upon diagnosis of COVID-19 depending on the severity of the initial presentation.

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Multiorgan and Renal Tropism of SARS-CoV-2

Abstract: Globally 118 319 confirmed (4620 new) 4292 deaths (280 new) China 80 955 confirmed (31 new) 3162 deaths (22 new) Outside of China 37 364 confirmed (4589 new) 1130 deaths (258 new) 113 countries/territories/ areas (4 new)

Cited by 1,693 publications

References 4 publications

AXL Promotes SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Pulmonary and Bronchial Epithelial Cells

AXL Promotes SARS-CoV-2 Infection of Pulmonary and Bronchial Epithelial Cells

Gastrointestinal and Liver Manifestations of COVID-19

COVID-19 aus Sicht des Nephrologen

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