Multimodal Spectroscopic Imaging of Pea Root Nodules to Assess the Nitrogen Fixation in the Presence of Biofertilizer Based on Nod-Factors

Suśniak, Katarzyna; Krysa, Mikolaj; Kidaj, Dominika; Szymańska-Chargot, Monika; Komaniecka, Iwona; Zamlynska, Katarzyna; Choma, Adam; Wielbo, Jerzy; Ilag, Leopold L.; Sroka-Bartnicka, Anna

doi:10.3390/ijms222312991

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The biofertilizer contained nod factors. Details about the preparation of biofertilizer are described in the previous paper and in the patent (PL240045), 16,17 plants treated with this biofertilizer are described as RLN and ORLN; a water fraction of the medium after liquid cultivation of bacteria induced with naringenin and further fractionated (to correspond with the purified biofertilizer). It does not contain bacterial cell residues, especially lipids or non-polar compounds (non-polar compounds were extracted with n -butanol) (plants treated with this fertilizer are described as K60ACN and OK60ACN); and deionized water (plants treated with it are described as Control and OControl).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal Spectroscopic Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Nod-Factor-Based Fertilizer on the Maize (Zea mays) Stem

Krysa,

Susniak,

Song

et al. 2024

Appl Spectrosc

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Maize ( Zea mays) is one of the most cultivated plants in the world. Due to the large area, the scale of its production, and the demand to increase the yield, there is a need for new environmentally friendly fertilizers. One group of such candidates is bacteria-produced nodulation (or nod) factors. Limited research has explored the impact of nodulation, factors on maize within field conditions, with most studies restricted to greenhouse settings and early developmental stages. Additionally, there is a scarcity of investigations that elucidate the metabolic alterations in the maize stem due to nod-factor exposure. It was therefore the aim of this study. Maize stem's metabolites and fibers were analyzed with various imaging analytical techniques: matrix assisted laser desorption ionization–mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI), Raman spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR), and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy. Moreover, the biochemical analyses were used to evaluate the proteins and soluble carbohydrates concentration and total phenolic content. These techniques were used to evaluate the influence of nod factor-based biofertilizer on the growth of a non-symbiotic plant, maize. The biofertilizer increased the grain yield and the stem mass. Moreover, the spectroscopic and biochemical investigation proved the appreciable biochemical changes in the stems of the maize in biofertilizer-treated plants. Noticeable changes were found in the spatial distribution and the increase in the concentration of flavonoids such as maysin, quercetin, and rutin. Moreover, the concentration of cell wall components (fibers) increased. Furthermore, it was shown that the use of untargeted analyses (such as Raman and ATR FT-IR, spectroscopic imaging, and MALDI-MSI) is useful for the investigation of the biochemical changes in plants.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal Spectroscopic Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Nod-Factor-Based Fertilizer on the Maize (Zea mays) Stem

Krysa,

Susniak,

Song

et al. 2024

Appl Spectrosc

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“…Susniak et al combined MALDI imaging, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy to assess the effectiveness of biofertilizers by monitoring spatial changes of and relative abundance of several selected metabolites involved in nitrogen fixation in the pea root nodules. 73 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has also been used to complement MSI with detailed structural information. In one example, MRI and DESI imaging were used to study distributions of alkaloids in two structurally distinct regions of maturing areca nuts ( i.e.…”

Section: Integration Of Mass Spectrometry Imaging With Other Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Image to insight: exploring natural products through mass spectrometry imaging

Dong

2022

Nat. Prod. Rep.

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“…Most plant endophytic bacterial studies, especially those that target peas, focus on roots and root nodules due to their legume and symbiotic nitrogen fixation nature [38][39][40][41]. In contrast, little is known about endophytic bacteria in plant embryos, which may harbor bacteria transmitted from flowers and seeds and facilitate plant nutrient utilization after seed germination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Diversity, Nitrogen Fixation, and Nutrient Solubilization Activities of Endophytic Bacteria in Pea Embryos

Hao,

Zhang,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Endophytic bacteria, especially those that participate in nitrogen fixation, play critical roles in supplying essential nutrients for legume plant growth. Despite that there have been numerous investigations targeting bacterial microbiomes in legume roots and nodules, little is known about embryonic bacteria that facilitate plant nutrient utilization after seed germination. Here, we collected and investigated endophytic bacterial microbiome in edible pea (Pisum sativum) embryos using five representative cultivars and a pea sprout (shoot of pea [SHP]) control. Twenty-six nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) were isolated from pea embryos, with three strains found in fresh grain pea (FGP) and snow pea (SP) exhibiting the strongest nitrogenase activity of above 85 nmol C2H4/mL/h. Some NFB isolates are also potassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB) or phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) utilizing inorganic and/or organic phosphorus. All 26 NFB showed variable levels (0.41 to 7.10 μg/mL) of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) secretion. The nutrient-solubilizing NFB identified in our research are potential targets for biofertilizer development. They could be useful in converting nitrogen, potassium, and/or phosphorus into usable forms for the plants. At the microbiome level, high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing of 40 bacterial collections from pea embryos generated 4234 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) using 97% identity as the threshold for clustering high-quality effective reads (valid tags). Analysis of OTU annotation results revealed similar species community structures, abundance, and diversity in most samples. Our embryo-derived endophytic bacterial pool provides a microbiome platform for seed dormancy and germination research of edible peas, as well as for digging new biofertilizer resources in general.

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Multimodal Spectroscopic Imaging of Pea Root Nodules to Assess the Nitrogen Fixation in the Presence of Biofertilizer Based on Nod-Factors

Cited by 6 publications

References 34 publications

Multimodal Spectroscopic Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Nod-Factor-Based Fertilizer on the Maize (Zea mays) Stem

Multimodal Spectroscopic Studies to Evaluate the Effect of Nod-Factor-Based Fertilizer on the Maize (Zea mays) Stem

Image to insight: exploring natural products through mass spectrometry imaging

Species Diversity, Nitrogen Fixation, and Nutrient Solubilization Activities of Endophytic Bacteria in Pea Embryos

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