Multilocus sequence analysis provides new insight into population structure and genetic diversity of Leishmania tropica in Morocco

Kacem, Sofia El; Kbaich, Mouad Ait; Daoui, Othmane; Charoute, Hicham; Mhaidi, Idris; Ejghal, Rajaa; Barhoumi, Mourad; Bennani, Houda; Lemrani, Meryem

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2021.104932

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…infection are SSU-rDNA and kDNA, with similar values of sensitivity [6]. However other targets are useful for phylogenetic studies and determination of Leishmania spp., such as ITS1, cytB, g6pdh , and hsp70 [14,20–22,28,30,31]. In the present study, ITS1 and hsp70 have been employed to confirm the finding of L. tropica in autochthonous fauna, and sequences of L. tropica with ITS1 and hsp70 targets are reported.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…L. infantum is endemic in the Iberian Peninsula [12,13], but no infections of L. tropica in autochthonous species have been reported. The risk of introduction of L. tropica in the Iberian Peninsula has been highlighted several times, considering the presence and distribution of the main vector, P. sergenti , and the identification in Spain of one genetic line of P. sergenti commonly found in Morocco [26,27] where CL by L. tropica is endemic [21,28,29]. Large areas in Europe are considered suitable for L. tropica [11] and hot spots for foci of L. tropica have been suggested [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wildlife as a sentinel for pathogen introduction in nonendemic areas: first detection ofLeishmania tropicain wildlife in Spain

Azami-Conesa,

Matas Méndez,

Pérez-Moreno

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Leishmaniasis is a global arthropod-borne zoonotic disease of chronic course and cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral clinical manifestations. In the Iberian Peninsula, only Leishmania infantum has been reported, although other species of Leishmania, such as L. tropica and L. major, are present in surrounding countries. Aim: The aim of this work is to analyse the occurrence of Leishmania spp. infection in wildcats as sentinels, including their genotypic characterization. Methods: Necropsies of 18 roadkill wildcats were carried out. Samples from ear skin and spleen were taken, and DNA isolation and PCR analysis of the highly sensitive SSUrDNA target were conducted. Subsequent PCR tests were conducted using more specific targets for Leishmania species determination: hsp70 and ITS1Positive samples were sequenced, and phylogenetic trees were constructed.Results: Seven out of 18 wildcats were found positive to Leishmania spp. in ear skin; of them, only two were positive in spleen samples. . Based on the hsp70 and ITS1 sequences, one animal was found to be infected solely with L. tropica in ear skin samples, while two cats were found to be infected with L. infantum in both ear and spleen. Another animal was found to be co-infected with L. infantum and L. tropica in ear skin. The Leishmania species could not be determined in three cats as the targeted SSUrDNA is only specific to the genus. Conclusions: This is the first report of autochthonous L. tropica infection in the Iberian Peninsula. Health care professionals, including physicians, dermatologist and veterinarians must be aware of this for a correct diagnosis, treatment, and management of possible co-infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife as a sentinel for pathogen introduction in nonendemic areas: first detection ofLeishmania tropicain wildlife in Spain

Azami-Conesa,

Matas Méndez,

Pérez-Moreno

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…Second, El Hamouchi et al [39] analysed genetic polymorphisms of L. tropica strains isolated from 125 CL patients, which showed a notable correlation between intraspecific L. tropica variants and geographical origins of the isolates, and revealed 13 distinct haplotypes, thus confirming the genetic heterogeneity of L. tropica in Morocco [39]. Finally, a study by EL Kacem et al [12] applied MLST on 48 samples from CL patients from two different localities in Morocco, again indicating high genetic divergence between and among populations [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

A comparative genomics approach reveals a local genetic signature of Leishmania tropica in Morocco

Talimi,

Daoui,

Bussotti

et al. 2024

Microbial Genomics

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In Morocco, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania (L.) tropica is an important health problem. Despite the high incidence of CL in the country, the genomic heterogeneity of these parasites is still incompletely understood. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of 14 Moroccan isolates of L. tropica collected from confirmed cases of CL to investigate their genomic heterogeneity. Comparative genomics analyses were conducted by applying the recently established Genome Instability Pipeline (GIP), which allowed us to conduct phylogenomic and principal components analyses (PCA), and to assess genomic variations at the levels of the karyotype, gene copy number, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertions/deletions (INDELs) variants. Read-depth analyses revealed a mostly disomic karyotype, with the exception of the stable tetrasomy of chromosome 31. In contrast, we identified important gene copy number variations across all isolates, which affect known virulence genes and thus were probably selected in the field. SNP-based cluster analysis of the 14 isolates revealed a core group of 12 strains that formed a tight cluster and shared 45.1 % (87 751) of SNPs, as well as two strains (M3015, Ltr_16) that clustered separately from each other and the core group, suggesting the circulation of genetically highly diverse strains in Morocco. Phylogenetic analysis, which compared our 14 L. tropica isolates against 40 published genomes of L. tropica from a diverse array of locations, confirmed the genetic difference of our Moroccan isolates from all other isolates examined. In conclusion, our results indicate potential regional variations in SNP profiles that may differentiate Moroccan L. tropica from other L. tropica strains circulating in endemic countries in the Middle East. Our report paves the way for future research with a larger number of strains that will allow correlation of diverse phenotypes (resistance to treatments, virulence) and origins (geography, host species, year of isolation) to defined genomic signals such as gene copy number variations or SNP profiles that may represent interesting biomarker candidates

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“…However, some PCR targets coupled with sequencing were not validated for or do not allow the direct discrimination between the different Leishmania species variants, particularly L. infantum zymodemes (Van der Auwera & Dujardin, 2015). In the last decade, Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has been used for Leishmania as a highly discriminative typing system, most of the studies focused on the taxonomic analysis of species in Old World (El Kacem et al, 2021; Hosseini et al, 2020; Mauricio et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…for Leishmania as a highly discriminative typing system, most of the studies focused on the taxonomic analysis of species in Old World (El Kacem et al, 2021;Hosseini et al, 2020;Mauricio et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

ITS1 and cpb genetic polymorphisms in Algerian and Tunisian Leishmania infantum isolates from humans and dogs

Benikhlef

Chaouch

Abid

et al. 2022

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Multilocus sequence analysis provides new insight into population structure and genetic diversity of Leishmania tropica in Morocco

Cited by 8 publications

References 48 publications

Wildlife as a sentinel for pathogen introduction in nonendemic areas: first detection ofLeishmania tropicain wildlife in Spain

Wildlife as a sentinel for pathogen introduction in nonendemic areas: first detection ofLeishmania tropicain wildlife in Spain

A comparative genomics approach reveals a local genetic signature of Leishmania tropica in Morocco

ITS1 and cpb genetic polymorphisms in Algerian and Tunisian Leishmania infantum isolates from humans and dogs

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