“…The particle swarm optimization algorithm has the characteristics of fast convergence, easy experimentation, and easy combination with other algorithms. It has been widely used in many fields, such as economic dispatch, robot application, signal processing, and image segmentation (Mahor, Prasad, & Rangnekar, 2009;Sengupta & Das, 2017;Suresh & Lal, 2017;Zhang, Gong, & Zhang, 2013). Therefore, the PSO is employed to optimize the parameters during the clarification process of the sugarcane juice.…”