Multilevel Models for Communication Sciences and Disorders

Harel, Daphna; McAllister, Tara

doi:10.1044/2018_jslhr-s-18-0075

Cited by 34 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…For each of the 7 variables, we fit a linear mixed effects model (47,48). Linear mixed-effect models were used to estimate overall differences between environments (Stars, City) and 2 levels of sensory perturbations (static, dynamic) in healthy adults.…”

Section: Aimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural and Head Control Given Different Environmental Contexts

et al. 2021

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Virtual reality allows for testing of multisensory integration for balance using portable Head Mounted Displays (HMDs). HMDs provide head kinematics data while showing a moving scene when participants are not. Are HMDs useful to investigate postural control? We used an HMD to investigate postural sway and head kinematics changes in response to auditory and visual perturbations and whether this response varies by context. We tested 25 healthy adults, and a small sample of people with diverse monaural hearing (n = 7), or unilateral vestibular dysfunction (n = 7). Participants stood naturally on a stable force-plate and looked at 2 environments via the Oculus Rift (abstract “stars;” busy “street”) with 3 visual and auditory levels (static, “low,” “high”). We quantified medio-lateral (ML) and anterior-posterior (AP) postural sway path from the center-of-pressure data and ML, AP, pitch, yaw and roll head path from the headset. We found no difference between the different combinations of “low” and “high” visuals and sounds. We then combined all perturbations data into “dynamic” and compared it to the static level. The increase in path between “static” and “dynamic” was significantly larger in the city environment for: Postural sway ML, Head ML, AP, pitch and roll. The majority of the vestibular group moved more than controls, particularly around the head, when the scenes, especially the city, were dynamic. Several patients with monaural hearing performed similar to controls whereas others, particularly older participants, performed worse. In conclusion, responses to sensory perturbations are magnified around the head. Significant differences in performance between environments support the importance of context in sensory integration. Future studies should further investigate the sensitivity of head kinematics to diagnose vestibular disorders and the implications of aging with hearing loss to postural control. Balance assessment and rehabilitation should be conducted in different environmental contexts.

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Section: Aimmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postural and Head Control Given Different Environmental Contexts

et al. 2021

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“…We used generalized linear mixed-effects modeling using lme4 package (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lme4/) with R software (R Development CoreTeam, 2008) to analyze the data. (Generalized) linear mixed-effects modeling is a powerful tool that allows researchers to take into account individual differences by modeling random effects in the data, enabling a more comprehensive and reliable presentation of the findings (K. R. Gordon, 2019;Harel & McAllister, 2019).…”

Section: Data Analysis Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phonology, Semantics, and the Comprehension–Expression Gap in Emerging Lexicons

Stokes

Bree

Kerkhoff

et al. 2019

J Speech Lang Hear Res

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Purpose Children come to understand many words by the end of their 1st year of life, and yet, generally by 12 months, only a few words are said. In this study, we investigated which linguistic factors contribute to this comprehension–expression gap the most. Specifically, we asked the following: Are phonological neighborhood density, semantic neighborhood density, and word frequency (WF) significant predictors of the probability that words known (understood) by children would appear in their spoken lexicons? Method Monosyllabic words in the active (understood and said) and passive (understood, not said) lexicons of 201 toddlers were extracted from the Dutch Communicative Development Inventory ( Zink & Lejaegere, 2002 ) parent-completed forms. A generalized linear mixed-effects model was applied to the data. Results Phonological neighborhood density and WF were independently and significantly associated with whether or not a known word would be in children's spoken lexicons, but semantic neighborhood density was not. There were individual differences in the impact of WF on the probability that known words would be said. Conclusion The novel findings reported here have 2 major implications. First, they indicate that the comprehension–expression gap exists partly because the phonological distributional properties of words determine how readily words can be phonologically encoded for word production. Second, there are likely subtle and complex individual differences in how and when the statistical properties of the ambient language impact on children's emerging lexicons that might best be explored via longitudinal sampling of word knowledge and use.

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“…Participants received binary scoring for the rhyme oddity task. To answer the first research question concerning the relationship between individual differences and rhyme awareness, a generalized mixed-effect logistic regression was fitted to this binary outcome variable using the lme4 package (Bates et al, 2015) in RStudio Version 1.0.136 (R Development Core Team, 2017) and following Harel and McAllister (2019). The fixed effect structure included the following predictor variables: PPVT raw score, Block recall span score, Group (NH versus CI), and interactions between Group and all the other variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhyme Awareness in Children With Normal Hearing and Children With Cochlear Implants: An Exploratory Study

et al. 2019

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Phonological awareness is a critical component of phonological processing that predicts children’s literacy outcomes. Phonological awareness skills enable children to think about the sound structure of words and facilitates decoding and the analysis of words during spelling. Past research has shown that children’s vocabulary knowledge and working memory capacity are associated with their phonological awareness skills. Linguistic characteristics of words, such as phonological neighborhood density and orthography congruency have also been found to influence children’s performance in phonological awareness tasks. Literacy is a difficult area for deaf and hard of hearing children, who have poor phonological awareness skills. Although cochlear implantation (CI) has been found to improve these children’s speech and language outcomes, limited research has investigated phonological awareness in children with CI. Rhyme awareness is the first level of phonological awareness to develop in children with normal hearing (NH). The current study investigates whether rhyme awareness in children with NH (n = 15, median age = 5; 5, IQR = 11 ms) and a small group of children with CI (n = 6, median age = 6; 11.5, IQR = 3.75 ms) is associated with individual differences in vocabulary and working memory. Using a rhyme oddity task, well-controlled for perceptual similarity, we also explored whether children’s performance was associated with linguistic characteristics of the task items (e.g., rhyme neighborhood density, orthographic congruency). Results indicate that there is an association between vocabulary and working memory and performance in a rhyme awareness task in NH children. Only working memory was correlated with rhyme awareness performance in CI children. Linguistic characteristics of the task items, on the other hand, were not found to be associated with success. Implications of the results and future directions are discussed.

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Multilevel Models for Communication Sciences and Disorders

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

Postural and Head Control Given Different Environmental Contexts

Postural and Head Control Given Different Environmental Contexts

Phonology, Semantics, and the Comprehension–Expression Gap in Emerging Lexicons

Rhyme Awareness in Children With Normal Hearing and Children With Cochlear Implants: An Exploratory Study

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