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Cited by 25 publications
(25 citation statements)
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References 81 publications
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“…Under conditions of oxidant attack, GSH is rapidly converted to GSSG, making the elevation of the intracellular GSSG/GSH ratio a widely accepted marker for oxidative stress. GSSG generated in these processes can be either recycled to GSH by a NADPH-dependent reaction, catalyzed by GR 3 , or pumped out of the cell by ATP-dependent processes, with multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP-1) being the major pathway for GSSG efflux 33 . Although GSSG represents approximately 1% of the total glutathione in the cell under basal conditions, a striking increase is found in cells undergoing oxidative stress.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Under conditions of oxidant attack, GSH is rapidly converted to GSSG, making the elevation of the intracellular GSSG/GSH ratio a widely accepted marker for oxidative stress. GSSG generated in these processes can be either recycled to GSH by a NADPH-dependent reaction, catalyzed by GR 3 , or pumped out of the cell by ATP-dependent processes, with multidrug resistance-associated protein-1 (MRP-1) being the major pathway for GSSG efflux 33 . Although GSSG represents approximately 1% of the total glutathione in the cell under basal conditions, a striking increase is found in cells undergoing oxidative stress.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For instance, in mouse embryonic stem cells, targeted disruption of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which is the rate-limiting enzyme in the pentose phosphate pathway, the predominant metabolic pathway for the generation of NADPH (a cofactor of GR), renders cells extremely sensitive to H 2 O 2 -induced cell death 34 . Moreover, MRP-1 gene silencing results in cellular GSSG accumulation and cell death 33 . Studies with exogenous GSSG supplementation have documented that GSSG exposure is associated with apoptosis induction involving the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway 35 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Results of qPCR were reported as fold change in the target gene relative to the endogenous control miR and calculated using the 2 −Δ(ΔCt) method as previously described (18, 2022):…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[88,89] Despite most of the downstream genes synthesized upon activation of nF-kB, it was also reported with the capability of enhancing cancer cells invasion and metastasis and promote vascularization and angiogenesis in different manner thus give rise to high mortality rate of breast cancer patients. [90] Nevertheless, the cancer cells invasion assay used Previous studies of PTZ on A2780 ovarian cancer cells reported PTZ blocked the invasion of A2780 cells via inhibition of NF-kB gene BIRC6-XIAP complexes. [19] Based on the data summarised in Table 1 sistant to apoptotic cell death.…”
Section: Genesmentioning
confidence: 99%