Multidimensional Model for Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Flooding: An Empirical Study in Pakistan

Rana, Irfan Ahmad; Routray, Jayant K.

doi:10.1007/s13753-018-0179-4

Cited by 102 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…Education level indicates capacity as educated people are well informed on flood issues and better understand flood warning systems [11,113]. Households with skills can better cope with the floods using their skills to diversify their livelihoods in Pakistan [9,82]. Scheuer et al [114] and Boon [115] maintained that social networks are useful in the case of a hazard event to get information on warnings, help to move belongings and people to safety, as well as accessing relief and aid items [114,115].…”

Section: Socialmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The susceptibility of household or community also depends on the occupation in which they are employed. Farm wage laborers working in flood-prone areas are more susceptible, followed by farmers [9]. Jamshed et al [82] highlighted that a flood event can destroy crops and other exposed financial assets and economically affect such people [82].…”

Section: Economicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Laws and regulations as well as its enforcement by relevant institutes restrict development in flood-prone areas and reduce exposure. Rana et al [9] found that timely dissemination of flood warnings from responsible institutes also limits exposure of the population and their moveable assets to floods in Pakistan [9]. In case of a flood event, both formal and informal institutions manage emergency and recovery by carrying out evacuation operations, provide relief items, and give compensation in form of financial aid, building materials, seeds, fertilizers, as well as reconstruct rural infrastructure in Brazil, India, and Bangladesh [82,[119][120][121].…”

Section: Institutionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vulnerability of these systems does not depend on flood hazards (natural phenomenon) but on location-specific social, economic, demographic, cultural, political, and environmental features [4,5]. In this context, vulnerability in Asian, African, and South-American countries is highly associated with economic, physical, and institutional aspects [6][7][8][9][10][11][12], while in European and North-American countries, vulnerability is lower due to better infrastructural, governance, and technological setup. Thus, low income and developing regions are more vulnerable to floods due to limited economic and institutional resources to cope and adapt [13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Conceptual Framework to Understand the Dynamics of Rural–Urban Linkages for Rural Flood Vulnerability

et al. 2020

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Rural areas are highly vulnerable to floods due to limited social, economic, and physical resources. Understanding rural vulnerability is vital for developing effective disaster risk reduction strategies. Even though rural areas and cities are intrinsically linked, rural vulnerability was assessed without considering its relation to cities. Numerous theoretical frameworks on systemizing and assessing vulnerability were developed with varying level of scope and depth in terms of scale, dimensions, and components. Nevertheless, these frameworks did not explicitly mention the impact of flood or other hazards on the linkages between spatial units i.e., rural and urban. This study aims to understand and conceptualize the rural vulnerability with respect to the dynamics of rural–urban linkages in the case of flood events. To do so, current literature on rural–urban linkages, vulnerability, as well as factors that influence them were critically reviewed. Taking into account the main elements of rural–urban linkages (flow of people, information, finances, goods and services), components of vulnerability (exposure, susceptibility, and capacity), and factors (social, economic, institutional, infrastructural, spatial, and environmental), a unified framework is proposed. The framework underscores that the role of rural–urban linkages is essential to fully understand rural flood vulnerability. Moreover, the framework highlights the role of spatial factors—city size and proximity to the city—as crucial to comprehend rural vulnerability. This framework can be used as a tool for understanding multifaceted rural vulnerability for climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction considering spatial development perspective. In this context, empirical investigations can be made to validate the proposed framework and policies can be introduced accordingly. Overall, the proposed framework can help recognize concepts and links of vulnerability, rural–urban dependencies, and rural development dynamics.

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Section: Socialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Economicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Institutionalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Conceptual Framework to Understand the Dynamics of Rural–Urban Linkages for Rural Flood Vulnerability

et al. 2020

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“…Exposure can be defined as the depreciated or replacement value of the tangible physical assets in hazard-prone areas [3,4]. Flood risk under climate change and socioeconomic change is a great challenge for flood risk management [5][6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building Asset Value Mapping in Support of Flood Risk Assessments: A Case Study of Shanghai, China

Wang

et al. 2019

Sustainability

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Exposure is an integral part of any natural disaster risk assessment, and damage to buildings is one of the most important consequence of flood disasters. As such, estimates of the building stock and the values at risk can assist in flood risk management, including determining the damage extent and severity. Unfortunately, little information about building asset value, and especially its spatial distributions, is readily available in most countries. This is certainly true in China, given that the statistical data on building floor area (BFA) is collected by administrative entities (i.e. census level). To bridge the gap between census-level BFA data and geo-coded building asset value data, this article introduces a method for building asset value mapping, using Shanghai as an example. This method consists of a census-level BFA disaggregation (downscaling) by means of a building footprint map extracted from high-resolution remote sensing data, combined with LandScan population density grid data and a financial appraisal of building asset values. Validation with statistical data and field survey data confirms that the method can produce good results, but largely constrained by the resolution of the population density grid used. However, compared with other models with no disaggregation in flood exposure assessment that involves Shanghai, the building asset value mapping method used in this study has a comparative advantage, and it will provide a quick way to produce a building asset value map for regional flood risk assessments. We argue that a sound flood risk assessment should be based on a high-resolution-individual building-based-building asset value map because of the high spatial heterogeneity of flood hazards.Röthlisberger and colleagues [13] compared five building value models for flood risk analysis, and proposed that estimating exposed-building values should be based on individual buildings rather than on areas of land-use types. Higher quality exposure data is needed to perform validations of flood risk models [14].However, for flood risk analysis, quite often a spatial mismatch exists between hazard intensity data (e.g., inundation depth), which are frequently modelled on a high-resolution raster level, and exposure data, which are usually only available at coarse census units (e.g., counties) or aggregated land-use/land cover classes [14][15][16][17]. Flood risk assessments often invest much more in hazard modelling of water depths or inundation areas at a spatially explicit raster level [18,19], while only a limited number of studies have explicitly focused on the estimations of assets and their disaggregation to overcome the spatial mismatch between the quality of hazard and exposure data [20][21][22][23]. Meanwhile, the quality of the exposure data is one of the most important uncertainties in flood risk assessments [24][25][26][27]. Because of the high spatial resolution of water inundation depth estimation, which is mainly a function of topography [28,29], flood risk assessments are much more sensi...

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Using hydro‐morphological assessment parameters to estimate the flood‐induced vulnerability of watercourses ‐ a methodological approach across three spatial scales in Germany and the Czech Republic

Garack

Ortlepp

2022

River Research & Apps

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In addition to their ecological importance, rivers and streams have always been used in diverse ways by humans, resulting in the development of settlements and their connected built environments along many of the world's watercourses. During heavy rainfall, buildings, traffic infrastructure and water‐related infrastructure are exposed to potential hazards in the form of (flash) floods. In contrast to near‐natural watercourses, anthropogenically modified channels in urban areas are particularly susceptible to damage by flooding. Previous damage assessments have highlighted the need to forecast such damage to watercourses in order to identify critical areas and justify the selection and expansion of adaptation measures. Within the scope of the current study, we have developed a method based on the hydro‐morphological properties of watercourses to make transferable estimates of the economic damage potential based on ecologically‐relevant parameters. Using a scale‐specific cause‐effect analysis, we have identified characteristics of the watercourse type and adjacent structures as well as construction‐related properties of reinforcements that can increase the damage potential during flooding. In this way, we are able to show that several influencing factors determine the vulnerability of watercourses: in addition to the specific longitudinal gradient and size (macroscale) of various watercourse types, damage‐relevant boundary conditions in watercourse sections (mesoscale) and the resistance of typical bed and bank constructions are also important, reflecting the specific structural conditions. Taking rivers in Germany and the Czech Republic as case studies, in the following, we review the local identification of critical areas and describe the necessary data management. The presented “Hydro‐morphological based Vulnerability Assessment‐Concept (HyVAC)” can contribute to the flood damage prevention at watercourses by utilizing existing basic data to the greatest possible extent and thus is suitable for preliminary investigations according to the EC Flood Risk Management Directive.

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Multidimensional Model for Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Flooding: An Empirical Study in Pakistan

Cited by 102 publications

References 36 publications

A Conceptual Framework to Understand the Dynamics of Rural–Urban Linkages for Rural Flood Vulnerability

A Conceptual Framework to Understand the Dynamics of Rural–Urban Linkages for Rural Flood Vulnerability

Building Asset Value Mapping in Support of Flood Risk Assessments: A Case Study of Shanghai, China

Using hydro‐morphological assessment parameters to estimate the flood‐induced vulnerability of watercourses ‐ a methodological approach across three spatial scales in Germany and the Czech Republic

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