Multicenter Structure and Dynamical Processes in the Rare Earth Doped Garnet and Sesquioxide Laser Crystals and Ceramics

Lanthanide Luminescence in Solids

“…In concentrated materials, satellite bands appear next to zero phonon lines due to the consequence of interactions between neighboring ions [78][79][80]. Very often, energy transfer occurs between the different types of sites so that even if the excitation is not directed into one particular site, its spectrum appears [81].…”

Structural Investigations of Lu2O3 as Single Crystal and Polycrystalline Transparent Ceramic

“…The growing interest in the fabrication and characterization of cubic RE-doped Y 2 O 3 and Lu 2 O 3 crystals over the last years is related to the wide range of potential applications in high-power lasers, eye safe telecommunication lasers (Y 2 O 3 :Tm 3+ ), upconversion materials for 3rd generation photovoltaic cell (Y 2 O 3 :Er 3+ ) . The Eu 3+ -doped Lu 2 O 3 has been investigated for its possible usage as new scintillator material (due to its very high density of 9.42 g/cm 3 and resulting high absorption coefficient) in X-ray and γ-ray detectors in medical applications. − With doping of rare earth ions, such as Nd 3+ and Yb 3+ , Lu 2 O 3 has promising applications in high-power lasers owing to its higher thermal conductivity when compared to YAG. − When the crystals adopt a cubic Laue class, optical properties become fully isotropic, leading to optimal opto- and thermomechanical behavior suitable for shaping, manufacturing, and high-power laser action (uniform thermal stress and induced birefringence, no astigmatism) . Because of their large transparency, mechanical hardness, wide energy band gap, optical isotropy, easiness of polishing, and the possibility to incorporate large amounts of RE 3+ cations in Y 2 O 3 or Lu 2 O 3 , interest in these crystals for laser applications has arisen as soon as the laser effect was demonstrated in a ruby crystal in the early 1960s.…”

Growth of 60 mm-diameter Yb:CNGG single crystals with disordered coordination structure for high-energy laser systems

“…The stress contained in the as-grown crystal is primarily categorized into three types: (i) the thermal stress arising from high-temperature crystal growth and subsequent heat dissipation; (ii) the chemical stress as a result of uneven composition distribution within the crystal; and (iii) structural stress derived from phase transitions during the cooling process. Due to the disordered structure in the Yb: CNGG crystal, significant chemical stress induced during the crystal growth process is detrimental to crystal uniformity 17,18 and can easily lead to crystal cracking, especially during the growth of large-sized crystals. Therefore, optimizing the polycrystalline material composition is imperative for achieving a high-quality crystal.…”