Multi-species comparison of the mechanism of biotransformation of MeO-BDEs to OH-BDEs in fish

Transformation pathways of MeO-PBDEs catalyzed by active center of P450 enzymes: A DFT investigation employing 6-MeO-BDE-47 as a case

“…Demethylation was also observed to be a primary transformation pathway of 6-MeO-BDE-47 in Japanese medaka . Liu et al (2012) incubated microsomes from livers of rainbow trout with 6-MeO-BDE-47 and suggested that the biotransformation of 6-MeO-BDE-47 to 6-HO-BDE-47 is likely catalyzed by the CYP2 sub-family of CYP enzymes. Recently, Sun et al (2013) observed significant correlations between HO-and MeO-PBDEs in mollusks from Chinese coastal areas, which suggest a common source for HO-and MeO-PBDEs.…”

Persisting effects of a PBDE metabolite, 6-OH-BDE-47, on larval and juvenile zebrafish swimming behavior

“…Of note, naturally derived OH-BDEs tend to have the hydroxyl group in the ortho position relative to the diphenyl ether bond (Wan et al, 2009). There is also some mixed evidence to suggest that fish can interconvert Me-O-BDEs to OH-BDEs (Liu et al, 2012; Wan et al, 2010; Wen et al, 2015). PBDEs, Me-O-BDEs, and OH-BDEs have been measured in wildlife and humans, suggesting widespread exposure to these compounds ( Table 1 ) (Chen et al, 2013; Fujii et al, 2012; Wiseman et al, 2011).…”

Major sources of MeO/OH-BDEs in the East China Sea elucidated from their records and phytoplankton biomarkers

“…Their structural analogs, including methoxylated (MeO-) and hydroxylated (OH-) PBDEs, have also been widely detected in environmental substrates, such as algae (Asplund et al, 2001;Kuniyoshi et al, 1985;Malmvärn et al, 2005Malmvärn et al, , 2008, fish (Valters et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2010), marine animals (Fu et al, 1995;Kelly et al, 2008;Liu et al, 2012), sediments (Bradley et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012) and even humans (Hovander et al, 2002;Lacorte and Ikonomou, 2009;Stapleton et al, 2009;Wan et al, 2010a). Some species of MeO/OH-BDEs have shown equivalent toxic effects to PBDEs , so identifying their source has attracted increasing interest.…”