Multi-Objective Optimization of Curing Profile for Autoclave Processed Composites: Simultaneous Control of Curing Time and Process-Induced Defects

Tang, Wanchun; Ye, Xu; Hui, Xinyu; Zhang, Wenchang

doi:10.3390/polym14142815

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…The t cycle (cure time duration), ∆T (maximum temperature gradient), and DoC (degree of curing) using the optimal cure profile have been reduced by about 30.9%, 45.76%, and 16.88%, respectively, in comparison with the MRCC cure cycle. Tang et al [18] introduced a multi-objective optimization method based on finite element simulation to control the t cycle and cure-induced defects of C-shaped composites. Compared with the original profile, the t cycle was shortened by 19% to 14,686 s. Similarly, Li et al [19] proposed a method to optimize the fiber-reinforced composite injection molding process by combining the combined Taguchi response surface methodology and the NSGA-II approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization Strategy of the Curing Profile for Autoclave Processed Thick Composite Laminates

2023

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To mitigate the risk of manufacturing defects and improve the efficiency of the autoclave-processed thick composite component curing process, parameter sensitivity analysis and optimization of the curing profile were conducted using a finite element model, Sobol sensitivity analysis, and the multi-objective optimization method. The FE model based on the heat transfer and cure kinetics modules was developed by the user subroutine in ABAQUS and validated by experimental data. The effects of thickness, stacking sequence, and mold material on the maximum temperature (Tmax), temperature gradient (ΔT), and degree of curing (DoC) were discussed. Next, parameter sensitivity was tested to identify critical curing process parameters that have significant effects on Tmax, DoC, and curing time cycle (tcycle). A multi-objective optimization strategy was developed by combining the optimal Latin hypercube sampling, radial basis function (RBF), and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) methods. The results showed that the established FE model could predict the temperature profile and DoC profile accurately. Tmax always occurred in the mid-point regardless of laminate thickness; the Tmax and ΔT increased non-linearly with the increasing laminate thickness; but the DoC was affected slightly by the laminate thickness. The stacking sequence has little influence on the Tmax, ΔT, and DoC of laminate. The mold material mainly affected the uniformity of the temperature field. The ΔT of aluminum mold was the highest, followed by copper mold and invar steel mold. Tmax and tcycle were mainly affected by the dwell temperature T2, and DoC was mainly affected by dwell time dt1 and dwell temperature T1. The multi-objective optimized curing profile could reduce the Tmax and tcycle by 2.2% and 16.1%, respectively, and maintain the maximum DoC at 0.91. This work provides guidance on the practical design of cure profiles for thick composite parts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization Strategy of the Curing Profile for Autoclave Processed Thick Composite Laminates

2023

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“…There are two ways to obtain composite materials: autoclave [17][18][19][20] and out-ofautoclave [21][22][23] methods. Autoclaves are used for producing parts for aircraft industries, such as wings, blades, tail, and different panels [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordination Compound (2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium)2[CuBr4] as Catalyst for the Curing Process of Epoxy Vinyl Ester Binders

Protsenko,

Shakirova

et al. 2023

IJMS

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This article presents a study on the synthesis and catalytic properties of copper complex (TPhTz)2[CuBr4] (here TPhTz is 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium). The obtained complex was characterized by various spectroscopic methods. The catalytic properties of the complex were evaluated in the curing of an epoxy vinyl ester system and their effectiveness was compared with that of cobalt octoate (its synonyms are known as Co(Oct)2, cobalt(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, cobalt isocaprylate, etc.). The catalyst was added at an amount of 2 w.%. The results showed that a 8 w.% solution of the complex provides catalytic properties with an activation energy of 54.7 kJ/mol, which is 25.2 kJ/mol higher than a standard curing system with Co(Oct)2. Thus, the solution of (TPhTz)2[CuBr4] in THF/DMSO accelerates the initiator decay process at room temperature, but for a longer time. The authors suggest that the curing mechanism may be accelerated by the appearance of (TPhTz)2[CuIBr3] and free bromine in the system. A strength test of fiberglass-reinforced plastic revealed that the addition of this complex did not lead to a decrease in flexural strength and hardness. Thus, use of the complex allowed for the production of polymer composite products using vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding where an extended injection time was needed.

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“…All test samples were made by Wit Composites using a vacuum bag autoclave technology [16] and epoxy matrix prepregs [17].…”

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confidence: 99%

Composite Medical Tabletops Made of CFRP with Different Cross-Sections: Numerical Analysis and Laboratory Testing

Golewski,

Pietras,

Sadowski

et al. 2023

Materials

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This paper presents the results of laboratory tests of CFRP (carbon fiber-reinforced polymer) laminates, which allowed the development of numerical material models. The obtained data were used in a further stage to perform numerical simulations of four variants of medical tabletops, differing, among other features, in the shape of the cross-section. Maximum deflections and effort in the composite material were analyzed. The final step was to perform a laboratory test for one of the tabletop versions, the results of which confirmed the correctness of the numerical calculations. This work is aimed at both researchers and designers involved in the practical application of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites.

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Multi-Objective Optimization of Curing Profile for Autoclave Processed Composites: Simultaneous Control of Curing Time and Process-Induced Defects

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Sensitivity Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization Strategy of the Curing Profile for Autoclave Processed Thick Composite Laminates

Sensitivity Analysis and Multi-Objective Optimization Strategy of the Curing Profile for Autoclave Processed Thick Composite Laminates

Coordination Compound (2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium)2[CuBr4] as Catalyst for the Curing Process of Epoxy Vinyl Ester Binders

Composite Medical Tabletops Made of CFRP with Different Cross-Sections: Numerical Analysis and Laboratory Testing

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