Multi-Frequency Synthetic Thinned Array Antenna for the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer

Bailey, M. C.; Amarin, Ruba; Johnson, James W.; Nelson, Pascal A.; James, Mark; Simmons, David E.; Ruf, Christopher S.; Jones, W. Linwood; Gong, Xun

doi:10.1109/tap.2010.2050453

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Each of the antenna elements has a long, thin (fan beam) antenna pattern (Bailey et al 2010) oriented in the cross-track direction relative to the heading of the platform. All ten fan beams overlap, defining a brightness temperature strip to be imaged.…”

Section: Hirad Data Processing and Scene Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilating Global Wave Model Predictions and Deep-Water Wave Observations in Nearshore Swell Predictions

Cecil

Biswas

2017

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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Surface wind speed retrievals have been generated and evaluated using Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) measurements from flights over Hurricane Joaquin, Hurricane Patricia, Hurricane Marty, and the remnants of Tropical Storm Erika, all in 2015. Procedures are described here for producing maps of brightness temperature, which are subsequently used for retrievals of surface wind speed and rain rate across a ~50 km wide swath for each flight leg. An iterative retrieval approach has been developed to take advantage of HIRAD’s measurement characteristics. Validation of the wind speed retrievals has been conducted, using 636 dropsondes released from the same WB-57 high altitude aircraft carrying HIRAD during the Tropical Cyclone Intensity (TCI) experiment. The HIRAD wind speed retrievals exhibit very small bias relative to the dropsondes, for winds tropical storm strength (17.5 m s−1) or greater. HIRAD has reduced sensitivity to winds weaker than tropical storm strength, and a small positive bias (~2 m s−1) there. Two flights with predominantly weak winds according to the dropsondes have abnormally large errors from HIRAD, and large positive biases. From the other flights, root mean square differences between HIRAD and the dropsonde winds are 4.1 m s−1 (33%) for winds below tropical storm strength, 5.6 m s−1 (25%) for tropical storm strength winds, and 6.3 m s−1 (16%) for hurricane strength winds. Mean absolute differences for those categories are 3.2 m s−1 (25%), 4.3 m s−1 (19%), and 4.8 m s−1 (12%), with bias near zero for tropical storm and hurricane strength winds.

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Section: Hirad Data Processing and Scene Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assimilating Global Wave Model Predictions and Deep-Water Wave Observations in Nearshore Swell Predictions

Cecil

Biswas

2017

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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“…The current HIRAD planar antenna is composed of linear arrays of stacked multi-resonant radiators, operating at 4, 5, 6, and 6.6 GHz [2]. Each linear array, viewed as an individual fan beam antenna element, is placed in an optimum thinned array configuration to produce the interferometer baselines needed for aperture synthesis.…”

Section: Hirad Instrument Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer: Present and future

Miller

James

Roberts

et al. 2013

2013 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium - IGARSS

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The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) is an airborne passive microwave radiometer designed to provide high resolution, wide swath imagery of surface wind speed in tropical cyclones from a low profile planar antenna with no mechanical scanning. Wind speed and rain rate images from HIRAD's first field campaign (GRIP, 2010) are presented here followed, by a discussion on the performance of the newly installed thermal control system during the 2012 HS3 campaign. The paper ends with a discussion on the next generation dual polarization HIRAD antenna (already designed) for a future system capable of measuring wind direction as well as wind speed.Index Terms-HIRAD, hurricane wind speed, imaging radiometer.

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“…A stacked patch array element has been designed to resonate at the discrete frequencies of 4,5,6 and 6.6 GHz, with 37 × 16 of these elements making up the entire array antenna [5]. The array is "thinned" so that 10 linear arrays (1 × 16 each) are cross-correlated, using 10 mutually coherent radiometers, to synthesize an aperture 37 elements wide and horizontally polarized [6].…”

Section: IIImentioning

confidence: 99%

Hurricane wind speed and rain rate measurements using the airborne Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD)

Sahawneh

Farrar

Johnson

et al. 2013

2013 Proceedings of IEEE Southeastcon

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Microwave remote sensing of surface wind speed and rain rate in hurricanes is critical to predict their growth and movement as they develop and make landfall. The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD) is an experimental airborne microwave radiometer developed by NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to provide ocean surface wind speed and rain rate measurements in hurricanes. It is intended to expand the current NOAA and US Air Force hurricane surveillance capability, particularly by extending the operational Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) measurement to a large swath. HIRAD also has potential for space applications. This paper will describe the HIRAD instrument and its flight history, to date, and present wind speed and rain rate retrievals from observed brightness temperatures (T b 's) in a flight over Hurricane Earl in 2010 as part of NASA's GRIP mission. A comparison between HIRAD and SFMR retrievals will be shown.

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Multi-Frequency Synthetic Thinned Array Antenna for the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Assimilating Global Wave Model Predictions and Deep-Water Wave Observations in Nearshore Swell Predictions

Assimilating Global Wave Model Predictions and Deep-Water Wave Observations in Nearshore Swell Predictions

The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer: Present and future

Hurricane wind speed and rain rate measurements using the airborne Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD)

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