Mucosal Immune System of Cattle

Chase, Christopher; Kaushik, Radhey S.

doi:10.1016/j.cvfa.2019.08.006

Cited by 40 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Intestinal immune network for IgA production was identified as deiminated for proteins common in serum and serum-EVs. The gut associated lymphoid system in the intestinal mucosa produces the highest level of antibody-secreting (IgA) plasma cells in the body [153,154]. It has been established that IgA cells play roles beyond antibody production, including having monocytic potential and antimicrobial properties via rapid secretion of cytokines as well as acting as regulators of inflammation [153].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been established that IgA cells play roles beyond antibody production, including having monocytic potential and antimicrobial properties via rapid secretion of cytokines as well as acting as regulators of inflammation [153]. IgA production in the gut mucosa plays major roles in maintaining the integrity of the mucosa and is therefore imperative for the host's homeostasis and survival [154]. IgA is also produced in the BALT of the respiratory mucosal system [154] and is therefore important in defences against respiratory infections, including viral infections and this has also been identified in cattle bovine respiratory syncytial virus [155].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IgA production in the gut mucosa plays major roles in maintaining the integrity of the mucosa and is therefore imperative for the host's homeostasis and survival [154]. IgA is also produced in the BALT of the respiratory mucosal system [154] and is therefore important in defences against respiratory infections, including viral infections and this has also been identified in cattle bovine respiratory syncytial virus [155]. Deimination has been related to mucosal immunity in teleost fish, including in response to bacterial immune challenge and in EVs mediated mucosal immunity [15,16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Serum and Serum-Extracellular Vesicles of Bos taurus Reveal Immune, Anti-Pathogenic, Anti-Viral, Metabolic and Cancer-Related Pathways for Deimination

Criscitiello

Kraev

Lange

2020

IJMS

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The bovine immune system is known for its unusual traits relating to immunoglobulin and antiviral responses. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are phylogenetically conserved enzymes that cause post-translational deimination, contributing to protein moonlighting in health and disease. PADs also regulate extracellular vesicle (EV) release, forming a critical part of cellular communication. As PAD-mediated mechanisms in bovine immunology and physiology remain to be investigated, this study profiled deimination signatures in serum and serum-EVs in Bos taurus. Bos EVs were poly-dispersed in a 70-500 nm size range and showed differences in deiminated protein cargo, compared with whole sera. Key immune, metabolic and gene regulatory proteins were identified to be post-translationally deiminated with some overlapping hits in sera and EVs (e.g., immunoglobulins), while some were unique to either serum or serum-EVs (e.g., histones). Protein-protein interaction network analysis of deiminated proteins revealed KEGG pathways common for serum and serum-EVs, including complement and coagulation cascades, viral infection (enveloped viruses), viral myocarditis, bacterial and parasitic infections, autoimmune disease, immunodeficiency intestinal IgA production, B-cell receptor signalling, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, platelet activation and hematopoiesis, alongside metabolic pathways including ferroptosis, vitamin digestion and absorption, cholesterol metabolism and mineral absorption. KEGG pathways specific to EVs related to HIF-1 signalling, oestrogen signalling and biosynthesis of amino acids. KEGG pathways specific for serum only, related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, transcription mis-regulation in cancer, bladder cancer, Rap1 signalling pathway, calcium signalling pathway and ECM-receptor interaction. This indicates differences in physiological and pathological pathways for deiminated proteins in serum-EVs, compared with serum. Our findings may shed light on pathways underlying a number of pathological and anti-pathogenic (viral, bacterial, parasitic) pathways, with putative translatable value to human pathologies, zoonotic diseases and development of therapies for infections, including anti-viral therapies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Serum and Serum-Extracellular Vesicles of Bos taurus Reveal Immune, Anti-Pathogenic, Anti-Viral, Metabolic and Cancer-Related Pathways for Deimination

Criscitiello

Kraev

Lange

2020

IJMS

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“…There is not a very clear relationship between infection with one pathogen and postpartum uterine disease, but some bacteria are commonly linked to uterine disease or a healthy uterus, while others are ubiquitous. Disruptions in the microbiome result in dysbiosis, which increases inflammation; this increased inflammation is seen as an important part of the pathogenesis of infectious diseases of the reproductive tract [68]. The postpartum uterine diseases endometritis, metritis, and pyometra are a significant concern for dairy farmers, due to both welfare and economic reasons.…”

Section: Bacterial Microflora Association With Reproductive Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microflora in the Reproductive Tract of Cattle: A Review

Appiah

Wang

2020

Agriculture

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There are microbial communities in and on the bodies of all multicellular organisms, and this microbiota can have a significant impact on the biology of the host. Most studies have focused on the microbiome of the skin, mouth, and gut, whereas relatively little is known about the reproductive microbiome. From the perspective of the bovine reproductive tract, uterine diseases such as metritis and endometritis are traditionally viewed to result only from interactions occurring between the host animal and pathogens originating from either the environment or ascension from the vagina. This outdated opinion has been refuted by recent advanced studies that propose that, in addition to bacteria colonization through the extrinsic and ascending pathways to the vagina, bacteria can also move from the gut to the uterus, which is also associated with reproductive tract disorders. This has led to the concept of the “endogenous route hypothesis”, which has vital inferences for comprehending the etiology of metritis and endometritis. Furthermore, it has opened up the possibility of developing new prophylactic and therapeutic agents as alternatives to antimicrobial agents. In addition, the unveiling of next-generation sequencing technology makes it more convenient to perform detailed sequencing and analysis of data on the cervical, vaginal, and uterine flora and to further study uncultured bacteria in these niches—most importantly, the cervical niche, which previously was thought to have lower bacterial complexity. Research conducted to date has proven that the composition of microflora in a community varies widely between environmental sites, host niches, and health status. Furthermore, it has also been suggested that the occurrence of endometritis in the dairy and beef cattle reproductive tract is neither casual nor indirect but multifactorial. Whether disturbance in the variety of the microflora in the reproductive tract (dysbiosis) has a role in determining the sensitivity to metritis and endometritis is not yet known. This article outlines the current progress in understanding the microflora with regards to the bovine reproductive tract. The compositions of microflora in various niches of the reproductive tract are briefly elucidated. In addition, the functional role of these microflora communities in the reproductive tract is discussed, with particular emphasis on the association of bacterial flora with reproductive disorders and failures. Finally, prophylaxis and therapeutic approaches based on the new comprehension of the effects of antimicrobials, probiotics, and bacteriophages on the composition of the reproductive tract microflora are also considered.

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“…The bovine mucosal immune system is characterized by mucosaassociated lymphoid tissues (MALTs) very rich in T cells, Bcells, plasma cells, and APCs as in other species. They are located in strategic sites in the hosts' oral, gut, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts and are interconnected for efficient antigen sampling [reviewed in Chase and Kaushik, 2019].…”

Section: The Bovine Mucosal Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Nanovaccines for Disease Prevention in Cattle

Maina

Grego

Boggiatto

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Vaccines are one of the most important tools available to prevent and reduce the incidence of infectious diseases in cattle. Despite their availability and widespread use to combat many important pathogens impacting cattle, several of these products demonstrate variable efficacy and safety in the field, require multiple doses, or are unstable under field conditions. Recently, nanoparticle-based vaccine platforms (nanovaccines) have emerged as promising alternatives to more traditional vaccine platforms. In particular, polymer-based nanovaccines provide sustained release of antigen payloads, stabilize such payloads, and induce enhanced antibod- and cell-mediated immune responses, both systemically and locally. To improve vaccine administrative strategies and efficacy, they can be formulated to contain multiple antigenic payloads and have the ability to protect fragile proteins from degradation. Nanovaccines are also stable at room temperature, minimizing the need for cold chain storage. Nanoparticle platforms can be synthesized for targeted delivery through intranasal, aerosol, or oral administration to induce desired mucosal immunity. In recent years, several nanovaccine platforms have emerged, based on biodegradable and biocompatible polymers, liposomes, and virus-like particles. While most nanovaccine candidates have not yet advanced beyond testing in rodent models, a growing number have shown promise for use against cattle infectious diseases. This review will highlight recent advancements in polymeric nanovaccine development and the mechanisms by which nanovaccines may interact with the bovine immune system. We will also discuss the positive implications of nanovaccines use for combating several important viral and bacterial disease syndromes and consider important future directions for nanovaccine development in beef and dairy cattle.

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Mucosal Immune System of Cattle

Cited by 40 publications

References 56 publications

Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Serum and Serum-Extracellular Vesicles of Bos taurus Reveal Immune, Anti-Pathogenic, Anti-Viral, Metabolic and Cancer-Related Pathways for Deimination

Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Serum and Serum-Extracellular Vesicles of Bos taurus Reveal Immune, Anti-Pathogenic, Anti-Viral, Metabolic and Cancer-Related Pathways for Deimination

Microflora in the Reproductive Tract of Cattle: A Review

Applications of Nanovaccines for Disease Prevention in Cattle

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