Mucin Gene Expression and Mucin Content in the Chicken Intestinal Goblet Cells Are Affected by In Ovo Feeding of Carbohydrates

Abstract

The protective mucus layer covers the entire surface of the gastrointestinal tract. The mucus layer also acts as a medium for molecule transport between the luminal contents and the enterocytes; therefore it has a major role in nutrient absorption. The main mucus layer component, mucin glycoproteins, is produced by mucous-secreting goblet cells. In chicken small intestine, functional development of goblet cells and enterocytes occurs in the late embryonic and immediate posthatch period. Presence of the nutrient is crucial for mucosal development. Feed deprivation immediately after hatch caused delayed mucosa development and perturbed mucin dynamics. Recent studies showed the intraamnionic nutrient supply (in-ovo feeding; IOF) accelerated mucosa functional development. In this study, the effect of IOF on the mucin mRNA expression and mucin content in the goblet cells was studied. The feeding solution containing carbohydrates was administered to the amnionic fluid of the Cobb embryos at d 17.5 of incubation. Samples from the jejunum were taken at d 17 of incubation (before IOF), and then 10 embryos from each group were sampled at 19 d of incubation, at hatch, and at d 3 posthatch. Following IOF, villus surface area increased at day of hatch and 3 d posthatch by 27 and 21%, respectively. In addition, the proportion of goblet cells containing acidic mucin increased 36 h after injection by 50% compared with the controls. The mucin mRNA expression increased gradually from d 17 of incubation to 3 d posthatch. Enhanced expression of the mucin mRNA was found at the day of hatch in chicks that received carbohydrate solution into the amnionic fluid in comparison with the control group. The results showed that providing the carbohydrates as an energy source to the late-term embryo had a trophic effect on the small intestine and enhanced goblet cell development.

Effect of Non-Starch Polysaccharide (NSP) of Wheat and Barley Supplemented with Exogenous Enzyme Blend on Growth Performance, Gut Microbial, Pancreatic Enzyme Activities, Expression of Glucose Transporter (SGLT1) and Mucin Producer (MUC2) Genes of Broiler Chickens

“…In this experiment, the barley diet was increased MUC2 gene expression. Because highfiber food or plentiful NSP content led to the increased excretion of mucin, it is obvious that, the increase in the level of food items containing these substances increases the production of mucin gene expression and mucin synthesis rate (Smirnov et al, 2004(Smirnov et al, , 2006Montagne et al, 2004;Mott et al, 2008).…”

“…A review of literature indicates that the presence of anti-nutritive compounds in the digestive tract of birds, cause predominant negative changes in the gut such as increasing the product shelf life, physicochemical properties of digesta (viscosity and pH), and impede the action of indigenous enzymes through the gut (Choct & Annison, 1992 a,b;Hetland et al, 2004), along with some changes in the intestinal environment and structure of the lining surface with the impact on the quantity and quality of relevant gene expression (Ferraris, 2001;Smirnov et al, 2004;Tanabe et al, 2005). Associate gene transporting nutrients through the gut enterocytes such as glucose, amino acids, peptides and genes involved in production and secretion of mucin as an important ingredient of mucus coating the intestinal tissue are the most effective factors in the intestinal environment and structural changes (Smirnov et al, 2006;Horn et al, 2009;Gilbert et al, 2010).…”

“…Because high-fiber feeds increase mucin excretion through the gut wall, high consumption of fiber increases the level of gene expression and increases mucin synthesis rate in the intestine (Smirnov et al, 2004;Tanabe et al, 2005;Smirnov et al, 2006;Mott et al, 2008). These negative impacts would eliminate use of exogenous enzymes, but the combination of different types of enzymes has a better influence and results in more efficacy (Cowan & Hastrupt, 1995;Ravindran et al, 1999;Slominski, 2011).…”

Análise morfométrica da parede intestinal e dinâmica de mucinas secretadas no jejuno de frangos suplementados com probiótico Bacillus subtilis cepa C3102

“…Na análise morfométrica foi quantificado o número de células caliciformes presentes em uma área de 0,3mm 2 de túnica mucosa de cada animal (10 medições por animal por tratamento) de acordo com Smirnov et al (2006). Para realização das análises histométricas as lâminas foram fotomicrografadas por uma câmera digital Samsung SVIII acoplada ao microscópio Nikon Eclipse 50i e ligada a um computador na objetiva de 20X.…”

“…O muco protege os microvilos (Forstner & Forstner 1994, Forstner et al 1995, e evita a perda de água através da parede intestinal (Murphy 2002) e também possui função transportadora e seletiva (Uni et al 2003). O principal componente da camada de muco são as mucinas glicoprotéicas (Smirnov et al 2006), as quais podem ser ácidas ou neutras (Uni et al 2003). A mucina ácida funciona como barreira bacteriana (Fontaine et al 1996, Roberton & Wright 1997 ou sítio de ligação a microbiota intestinal.…”