mRNA delivery in cancer immunotherapy

Development of polypeptide-based materials toward messenger RNA delivery

“…LNPs provide stability, scalability, and clinical approval advantages, making them a robust choice for efficient and widely accepted non-viral vector systems in nucleic acid delivery, especially in the context of mRNA. 3,16,85 4.4.3.1 Scalability. Scalability is a critical clinical barrier for polypeptide-based mRNA delivery systems due to the difficulty in manufacturing these systems on a large scale.…”

Lipid‐based nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy

“…231 In particular, numerous immune agents have undergone testing for delivery efficiency and antitumor therapeutic index by LPHNPs, including refractory chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs, and mRNA. 232,233 One example involves the encapsulation of OVA-encoding mRNA into hybrid core-shell NPs to create a nanovaccine. This nanovaccine has been shown to enhance vaccination effects specifically in DCs due to macropinocytosis, resulting in improved antitumor growth efficiency and reduced metastases in the lungs of B16-OVA-bearing mice following repeated injection.…”

“…In particular, numerous immune agents have undergone testing for delivery efficiency and antitumor therapeutic index by LPHNPs, including refractory chemotherapy drugs, targeted drugs, and mRNA 232,233 . One example involves the encapsulation of OVA‐encoding mRNA into hybrid core–shell NPs to create a nanovaccine.…”

Chemoimmunotherapeutic Nanogel for Pre- and Postsurgical Treatment of Malignant Melanoma by Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Macrophages

“…Surgery is an indispensable option to treat solid tumors; however, tumor recurrence after surgical resection poses huge threats to human health and is regarded as one of the leading causes for cancer-related deaths. , Despite the continuing progress in novel surgical methods and other theranostic modalities, residual microtumors that can be neither removed thoroughly by surgery nor detected rapidly often induce tumor relapse. , Therefore, optimizing postsurgical treatment strategies plays a critical role in overcoming tumor recurrence. Among these treatment methods, immunotherapy has received increasing attention and stands ready to join conventional treatment modalities as adjuvant therapeutic modality with the aim to activate the body’s immune system to clear up tumor cells. − Nevertheless, the inevitable local inflammation after surgery recruits a number of abnormal immune cells, especially M2-like tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) that promotes immune escape and survival of the residual tumor cells, eventually causing tumor recurrence, metastasis, and further progression. , Thus, exploring feasible strategies to repolarize TAM phenotypes from pro-tumorigenic M2-like TAMs to antitumorigenic M1-like TAMs displays great significance in remodeling postoperative inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME) …”