MR imaging of the prostate gland: normal anatomy

Hricak, Hedvig; Dooms, Grégoire; McNeal, J E; Mark, Alexander S.; Marotti, Miljenko; Avallone, Antonio; Pelzer, Michael; Proctor, Evelyn; Tanagho, Emil A.

doi:10.2214/ajr.148.1.51

Cited by 163 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Hosseinzadeh and Schwarz have reported that susceptibility artifacts from air insufflation during EPI did not degrade the diagnostic quality of the ADC maps, with no geometric distortion (16). PZ was identified on T 2 -weighted axial images as a hyperintense area, while the CG had low signal intensity (20). In controls (group I), the ADC for PZ was 1.68 AE 0.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Apparent diffusion coefficient of the prostate in men prior to biopsy: determination of a cut‐off value to predict malignancy of the peripheral zone

et al. 2006

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Determination of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of the prostate in men (n = 60) with raised prostate-specific antigen (PSA) or an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) prior to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided biopsy using endorectal DWI is reported. Patients were categorized into different groups based on their PSA levels. The mean ADC was calculated from a number of regions of interest (ROIs) for the whole of the peripheral zone (PZ) and the central gland (CG). A total of 1108 ROIs were analyzed from 60 patients. The mean ADC value of the PZ was higher than that of the CG in controls. A total of 23 out of 60 patients were positive for malignancy on biopsy, and the mean ADC of the PZ was lower in these patients compared with those who were negative. Moreover, the mean ADC obtained for the whole of the PZ of the prostate in different groups of patients and controls showed a decreasing trend. A plot between PSA and mean ADC for the PZ showed non-linear association with logarithmic decrease in ADC. The mean ADC of the CG was not significantly different in patients who were positive or negative for malignancy in biopsy. In addition, a cut-off value of 1.17 x 10(-3) mm2/s (sensitivity = 73% and specificity = 74%, area under the curve = 0.83) for the mean ADC for the whole of the PZ of patients was determined by using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to predict malignancy of the PZ.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Apparent diffusion coefficient of the prostate in men prior to biopsy: determination of a cut‐off value to predict malignancy of the peripheral zone

et al. 2006

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“…Furthermore, MRI allows more accurate differentiation and segmentation of the transition zone and peripheral zone (18)(19)(20)(21). Our group had validated total prostate volume derived from image segmentation of prostate images obtained on a 3.0 T MRI with the weights of human radical prostatectomy specimens (22).…”

Section: Role Of Prostatic Volume Determination In Bph Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical value of prostate segmentation and volume determination on MRI in benign prostatic hyperplasia

Garvey¹,

Türkbey²,

Truong³

et al. 2014

Diagn Interv Radiol

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Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a nonmalignant pathological enlargement of the prostate, which occurs primarily in the transitional zone. BPH is highly prevalent and is a major cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in aging males, although there is no direct relationship between prostate volume and symptom severity. The progression of BPH can be quantified by measuring the volumes of the whole prostate and its zones, based on image segmentation on magnetic resonance imaging. Prostate volume determination via segmentation is a useful measure for patients undergoing therapy for BPH. However, prostate segmentation is not widely used due to the excessive time required for even experts to manually map the margins of the prostate. Here, we review and compare new methods of prostate volume segmentation using both manual and automated methods, including the ellipsoid formula, manual planimetry, and semiautomated and fully automated segmentation approaches. We highlight the utility of prostate segmentation in the clinical context of assessing BPH. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) can result in lower urinary tract symptoms, and is one of the most common diseases affecting aging men. BPH can compromise quality of life and is a major healthcare cost. Despite the high prevalence of BPH, few methods of accurately assessing prostate volume are actually used in clinical practice. While patient assessment of urinary symptoms dictates the need for treatment, it is highly subjective, whereas prostate volume change is a more objective measure of treatment response. The most common clinical model for approximating the prostate gland size is the ellipsoid model from transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) imaging, which has been shown to underestimate prostate volume for prostates larger than 50 mL and to overestimate prostate volume for glands smaller than 30 mL (1). Despite its limitations, the TRUS method of prostate volume assessment is preferred in current clinical practice due to its availability and cost and time efficiency (2). More accurate prostate volume measurement with magnetic resonance (MR) planimetry is time-intensive and, thus, rarely performed.Prostate segmentation is an accurate technique for prostate volume determination that can be used in coregistration with various imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with positron emission tomography and MRI with ultrasonography. Segmentation can be used for both diagnostic and interventional procedures, including guided biopsies and focal ablation. Newly developed methods of automated prostate segmentation allow for efficient prostate volume determination, thereby enhancing decision support systems and computer-aided diagnosis tools.This article reviews the major methods of prostate volume determination currently in use, including the ellipsoid formula, manual planimetry, and semiautomated and fully automated segmentation. A clinical overview of BPH is also provided to highlight the utility of prostate segmentation in the clinical management...

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“…2 and 7). The puborectalis muscle may appear asymmetric in thickness on either side of the rectum because of chemical shift artifact occuring at the junction between muscle and fat [10] (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The anorectal sphincter after rectal pull-through surgery for anorectal anomalies: MRI evaluation

et al. 1989

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The puborectalis muscle sling was evaluated with MRI in 10 pediatric patients who had rectal pull-through surgery for anorectal anomalies. MRI (1.5T) demonstrated the puborectalis muscle equally or better than CT in 5 patients who had both CT and MRI. The amount of puborectalis muscle mass and the location of the pulled-through intestine in relation to the puborectalis sling was well shown with MRI. Our study suggests that MRI can be reliably substituted for CT in the majority of these patients, to assist in planning further surgery for relief of persistent postoperative fecal incontinence.

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MR imaging of the prostate gland: normal anatomy

Abstract: MR

Cited by 163 publications

References 13 publications

Apparent diffusion coefficient of the prostate in men prior to biopsy: determination of a cut‐off value to predict malignancy of the peripheral zone

Apparent diffusion coefficient of the prostate in men prior to biopsy: determination of a cut‐off value to predict malignancy of the peripheral zone

Clinical value of prostate segmentation and volume determination on MRI in benign prostatic hyperplasia

The anorectal sphincter after rectal pull-through surgery for anorectal anomalies: MRI evaluation

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