MR findings in iatrogenic Gerbode defect

Chaturvedi, Abhishek; Lau, Randy K.; Kicska, Gregory; Reddy, Gautham P.

doi:10.1007/s10554-012-0092-7

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Fever (8 patients, 9.1%) was a more common symptom in the acquired group patients. Aortic wall abscesses were seen in 9 patients (10.2%) [ 33 , 39 , 40 , 53 , 55 , 58 , 78 , 87 , 104 ] and atrioventricular block in 12 (13.6%) (2 were with aortic wall abscess [ 39 , 61 ], 6 were third degree [ 39 , 61 , 82 , 89 , 99 , 102 ] and 6 were first degree [ 18 , 44 , 48 , 86 , 101 , 102 ]) of the acquired group patients but in none in the congenital patients. There was significant dominance of right atrium dilation, right ventricle dilation, tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary artery hypertension ( Table I ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The retrieval resulted in a collection of 111 articles [ 2 – 113 ], which included 77 (59.3%) case reports [ 3 , 5 – 7 , 9 , 12 – 14 , 16 , 17 , 19 – 23 , 25 – 28 , 30 , 33 , 35 – 37 , 39 , 42 , 44 – 54 , 57 , 59 – 61 , 63 – 67 , 71 , 76 – 80 , 82 , 84 – 89 , 92 – 97 , 99 – 107 , 110 – 112 ] (including 8 (7.4%) case reports in the name of “letter to the editor” [ 5 , 25 , 26 , 30 , 79 , 84 , 92 , 111 ]), 17 (17.6%) medical images [ 2 , 10 , 11 , 15 , 22 , 32 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 58 , 69 , 70 , 72 , 74 , 98 , 108 , 109 ], 5 (4.6%) case series [ 8 , 18 , 34 , 38 ...…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Expert review Left ventricular to right atrial shunt (Gerbode defect): congenital versus acquired

Yuan¹

2014

pwki

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IntroductionCongenital left ventricular to right atrial (LV-RA) shunt (Gerbode defect) is rare, while acquired LV-RA shunt has been increasingly reported. As yet, systematically incorporated data of the LV-RA shunt have not been presented.AimTo present the clinical features, diagnostic challenge and management strategies of congenital and acquired LV-RA shunts.Material and methodsThe data source was based on a comprehensive literature retrieval of the LV-RA shunt in the period 1990–2013.ResultsIn comparison with the acquired Gerbode defect, the congenital Gerbode defect group of patients were younger and were associated more often with additional congenital disorders. Previous cardiac surgery and infective endocarditis were the two major aetiologies of the occurrence of the acquired shunts. Paravalvular abscess was associated in 10.2% and atrioventricular block in 13.6% of the acquired group patients. Transoesophageal echocardiography showed a higher diagnostic accuracy, lower missed diagnosis and lower inclusive diagnosis rates, in comparison to transthoracic echocardiography, but the misdiagnosis rates of the two modalities did not differ from each other. Four (4.5%) of the acquired group patients were complicated by atrioventricular block following surgical or interventional closure of the shunt. Eight (9.1%) patients died in the acquired group, but no patient died in the congenital group.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of an LV-RA shunt is quite challenging, especially in the context of coexisting abnormalities including an additional intracardiac shunt, tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonary artery hypertension and infective endocarditis, which have to be carefully differentiated from the shunt by further investigations. A better control of infective complications and careful manoeuvres during surgery may help to keep the LV-RA-sensitive septum intact.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert review Left ventricular to right atrial shunt (Gerbode defect): congenital versus acquired

Yuan¹

2014

pwki

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“…As an adjunct to echocardiography, even more advanced cardiac imaging techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) can reveal further detailed anatomical and physiological information [15]. CMR can enhance the shunt anatomy, measure left and right heart volumes, and quantify shunt flow [49], [81], [87], [88], [89]. This allows shunt ratios and differential flow volumes to be measured accurately [15].…”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gerbode defect: A comprehensive review of its history, anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Saker

Bahri

Montalbano

et al. 2017

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

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The purpose of this paper is to survey the literature on Gerbode defect and provide an overview of its history, anatomy, development, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment options. The available literature on this topic, including case reports, was thoroughly reviewed. Gerbode defect is defined as abnormal shunting between the left ventricle and right atrium resulting from either a congenital defect or prior cardiac insults. The pathophysiology underlying the development of Gerbode defect is a disease process that injures the atrioventricular septum and leads to the abnormal shunting of blood. Although the most prevalent cause of Gerbode defect has historically been congenital, an increasing trend towards acquired cases has recently been reported owing to improved diagnostic capabilities and a greater number of invasive cardiac procedures. In conclusion, Gerbode defect is an increasingly recognized condition that warrants further study.

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“…It offers detailed anatomic information on the size and location of the defect, quantifies the shunt flow, and verifies the measurements of ventricular volumes. How-ever, this modality is expensive, time-consuming, not widely available and or accessible, as well as and requires pharmacologic sedation in young children [ 7 , 12 , 33 , 46 , 61 , 62 ]. Cardiac MRI was performed within the diagnostic workup in six 6 of the 47 cases (12.8%) documented by us.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Congenital Gerbode Defect: A Left Ventricular to Right Atrial Shunt—State-of-the-Art Review of Its General Data, Diagnostic Modalities, and Treatment Strategies

Winter,

Strizek,

Recker

2024

JCDD

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The congenital Gerbode defect is defined as an abnormal communication between the left ventricle and the right atrium. This review aimed to summarize existing evidence, shed light on the clinical implications, and identify knowledge gaps. The systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Google Scholar medical databases using specifically selected keywords. The inclusion of each publication was assessed according to predefined eligibility criteria based on the PICOM (Population, Phenomenon of Interest, Context, Methodology) schema. Titles and abstracts were screened independently by two authors. Available full-text versions of included publications were reviewed and relevant information was extracted. A total of 78 reports were included. The compilation of all congenital Gerbode defect cases described in the literature revealed a variety of clinical presentations comprising dyspnea, palpitations, growth retardation, and asymptomatology. A suitable multimodal diagnostic approach for newborns consists of auscultation, TTE, and optionally TEE and MRI. Because of its rarity, diversity of findings, unknown pathophysiology, and similarity to more common cardiac diseases, the diagnostic challenge remains significant. To prevent untreated long-term sequelae, early individualized treatment is recommended. Surgical defect closure is preferred to device closure for evidence reasons, although major developments are currently taking place. In conclusion, the congenital Gerbode defect provides a diagnostic challenge for pediatricians to allow early diagnosis and intervention in order to improve patients’ quality of life.

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MR findings in iatrogenic Gerbode defect

Cited by 6 publications

References 4 publications

Expert review Left ventricular to right atrial shunt (Gerbode defect): congenital versus acquired

Expert review Left ventricular to right atrial shunt (Gerbode defect): congenital versus acquired

Gerbode defect: A comprehensive review of its history, anatomy, embryology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment

Congenital Gerbode Defect: A Left Ventricular to Right Atrial Shunt—State-of-the-Art Review of Its General Data, Diagnostic Modalities, and Treatment Strategies

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