Moving Toward Justice for Female Juvenile Offenders in the New Millennium: Modeling Gender-Specific Policies and Programs

Criers, liars, and manipulators: Probation officers' views of girls

“…In doing so, they struggle between providing the best services available to girls and dealing with the possibility of stereotyping or providing preferential treatment. As in other studies (Bloom et al, 2002a), staff acknowledge that they need training in dealing with girls. For example, most probation officers identify the need for gender and culturally responsive programming.…”

“…Many scholars and practitioners recognize the need for more appropriate treatment for girls but the small number of girls relative to boys makes it difficult for court officials to justify specialized, often expensive, treatments that are culturally and gender appropriate (Alder, 1998;Bloom et al, 2002a;Freitas & Chesney-Lind, 2001;McDonald & Chesney-Lind, 2001).…”

Gender Differences in Delinquent Involvement: An Exploration of the Interactive Effects of Friend Bonding and Friend Delinquency

“…Specifically, the interactive effects of both positive and negative attachment to friends and friend delinquency increase the likelihood of delinquency among young men but decrease the likelihood of delinquency among young women. Policies and prevention programs might underscore the importance of friend bonding among young women as a preventative component of delinquent involvement, since studies show that gender-specific programming is integral to female juvenile delinquent success in prevention programs (e.g., Bloom et al 2002;Chesney-Lind 2001).…”

Gender and Risk Assessment in Juvenile Offenders: A Meta-Analysis

“…Gender-neutral theories do not look at gender differences and do not take into account the unique gendered pathways a juvenile may take into crime. For example, it has been found that abuse histories, including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse are much more prevalent in female juvenile offenders than in male juvenile offenders (Belknap & Holsinger, 2006;Bloom, Owen, Deschenes, & Rosenbaum, 2002;van der Put et al, 2014). Delinquent peer associations appear to be the strongest predictor of recidivism for boys, while girls seem to be much more influenced by factors related to the family (Bloom et al, 2002;Funk, 1999;van der Put, 2014).…”

“…For example, it has been found that abuse histories, including physical, emotional, and sexual abuse are much more prevalent in female juvenile offenders than in male juvenile offenders (Belknap & Holsinger, 2006;Bloom, Owen, Deschenes, & Rosenbaum, 2002;van der Put et al, 2014). Delinquent peer associations appear to be the strongest predictor of recidivism for boys, while girls seem to be much more influenced by factors related to the family (Bloom et al, 2002;Funk, 1999;van der Put, 2014). Since prior research suggests differences in the pathways to crime and the causes of recidivism for girls and boys , is it appropriate to use the exact same risk assessment tool for both genders?…”