Movements of Humboldt Penguins from a Breeding Colony in Chile

Wallace, Roberta S.; Grzybowski, Karen; Diebold, Edward N.; Michaels, Margaret; Teare, J. Andrew; Willis, Mary Jo

doi:10.2307/1522121

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…First-year mortality in Spheniscus penguins is rather high, reaching up to 80% (e.g., Williams 1995;Whittington et al 2005) possibly explaining the low re-sighting rates. However, indirect estimates of recent migration from this study indicate that movement among colonies is greater than reported by using direct measures of adult dispersal (Araya et al 2000;Wallace et al 1999).…”

Section: Population Structurecontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…The current population size is estimated to be at 48,000 (Araya and Bernal unpubl.). Direct estimates of Humboldt penguin's dispersal patterns suggest they form distinct breeding populations with little opportunity for among-colony gene flow (e.g., Wallace et al 1999). Adults show strong colony fidelity: 1,000 penguins banded as adults at Punta San Juan, Peru, were observed breeding only at this location (Araya et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Adults show strong colony fidelity: 1,000 penguins banded as adults at Punta San Juan, Peru, were observed breeding only at this location (Araya et al 2000). Wallace et al (1999) banded 400 adult penguins at Algarrobo, Chile, but a mere nineteen birds were sighted at other locations, the majority of which were dead penguins recovered at sea mostly within 50 km of Algarrobo. A single marked bird was recorded by Wallace et al (1999) at the Cachagua colony, 88 km north of Algarrobo, but it is unknown if this individual bred at this location or eventually returned to Algarrobo without reproducing at Cachagua.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wallace et al (1999) banded 400 adult penguins at Algarrobo, Chile, but a mere nineteen birds were sighted at other locations, the majority of which were dead penguins recovered at sea mostly within 50 km of Algarrobo. A single marked bird was recorded by Wallace et al (1999) at the Cachagua colony, 88 km north of Algarrobo, but it is unknown if this individual bred at this location or eventually returned to Algarrobo without reproducing at Cachagua. Telemetry and satellite data developed from 12 tagged and breeding Humboldt penguins showed that most foraging during the breeding season occurs within 35 km of the colony (Culik and Luna-Jorquera 1997a;Culik et al 1998), while five individuals followed outside of the breeding season foraged within 90 km of the colony (Culik and LunaJorquera 1997b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for gene flow differs from observed dispersal patterns in the Humboldt penguin, Spheniscus humboldti

et al. 2008

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The Humboldt penguin, once common throughout its range, is today listed as Vulnerable by the IUCN. Mark-recapture and telemetry studies indicate that adult Humboldt penguins are sedentary, suggesting strong genetic differentiation between colonies. We developed genotypes for 336 individuals at 12 microsatellite loci sampled at four different localities spanning the entire range of this species. Results show that long-term gene flow has occurred but appears to be affected by geographic distance as pairwise F ST comparisons involving the colony at Punta San Juan (Peru) and the two colonies at Algarrobo (central Chile) and Puñihuil (southern Chile) are significant. Bayesian estimates of recent migration rates indicate substantial dispersal among all colonies. Despite the dramatic decline in numbers, we did not observe a bottleneck in any population. Furthermore, we did not detect a founder effect in the recently discovered colony at Puñihuil. As our indirect estimates signal strong gene flow between populations, we suggest that Humboldt penguin colonies need to be managed as a metapopulation rather than as discrete management units.

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Section: Population Structurecontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for gene flow differs from observed dispersal patterns in the Humboldt penguin, Spheniscus humboldti

et al. 2008

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“…They live in colonies, travel and hunt in groups, and return each year to the same nesting site where they develop neighborly relationships (Wallace et al, 1999;Cranfield, 2003). S. humboldti fed predo-minantly on pelagic fish prey species, krill and squid.…”

Section: ___________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

First pathological report of parasitic gastric ulceration in Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) along the coast of south central Chile

Yáñez¹,

Fernández²,

Campos³

et al. 2012

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ABSTRACT. This report offers a macroscopic and histological description of ulcerative gastric lesions in Humboldt penguins associated with the presence of Contracaecum pelagicum. Parasites of this genus have been isolated from different species of marine mammals and birds, including penguins, demonstrating its capacity to generate ulcerative lesions in the gastrointestinal tracts of many hosts. A bibliographic review revealed no publications on gastric ulceration by nematodes in Humboldt penguins. Studies carried out in Chile concerning gastrointestinal parasitism by nematodes of the Contracaecum genus in S. humboldti only established the parasite's taxonomy. This is the first pathological description of a parasitic ulcerative manifestation in the stomach of S. humboldti in the world. The Humboldt penguin is a vulnerable species. Therefore, this study is relevant as it offers a better understanding of the diseases that affect S. humboldti and facilitates the development of strategies intended to recover the population. Keywords: Spheniscus humboldti, Humboldt penguin, ulcer, stomach, Contracaecum, Chile. Primera descripción patológica de úlceras gástricas parasitarias en el pingüinode Humboldt (Spheniscus humboldti) en la costa centro-sur de Chile RESUMEN. El presente trabajo ofrece una descripción macroscópica e histológica de lesiones gástricas de tipo ulcerativas en el pingüino de Humboldt asociadas a la presencia de Contracaecum pelagicum. Parásitos del género Contracaecum han sido aislados de diferentes especies de mamíferos y aves marinas, incluyendo pingüinos, en gran parte del mundo, demostrando una gran capacidad de generar lesiones ulcerativas en un número importante de hospederos. La revisión bibliográfica reveló la ausencia de publicaciones relativas a cuadros ulcerativos gástricos causados por nemátodos en el pingüino de Humboldt. Los estudios realizados en Chile concernientes a parasitismo gastrointestinal por nemátodos del género Contracaecum en S. humboldti sólo han abordado aspectos taxonómicos. Esta publicación constituye la primera descripción patológica de un cuadro de ulceraciones gástricas parasitarias en el pingüino de Humboldt. S. humboldti está catalogado como especie vulnerable por lo que este estudio es relevante en cuanto a incrementar el entendimiento de las patologías que afectan a la especie facilitando el desarrollo de estrategias tendientes a la recuperación de la población.

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