“…Today in the United States, it is increasingly recognized that a leave from clinical training often is not a sign of weakness or indolence but is a normal necessity, and time off for parental obligations is just one example. Parenting does not end in the perinatal period either, and regardless of the time needed post partum to recover from pregnancy and to care for a new infant, additional parental time may still be necessary for mothers and fathers . Just as taking time off is often considered commendable for research and/or career development and is acceptable for personal or familial medical reasons, normalizing other reasons for time off is another investment in long-term surgeon wellness.…”