Motor Function and Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Associated Cognitive Impairment in a Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy–Era Cohort

Frailty in medically complex individuals with chronic HIV

“…Our findings support this suggestion, and are consistent with prior studies in HIV demonstrating an association between neuropsychiatric abnormality and frailty status [9,10]. Although the underlying mechanism of this association cannot be determined in our study, prior studies have demonstrated an association between motor abnormality (and with particular relevance to frailty, abnormal gait) and cognitive impairment, both in PLWH and HIV-negative populations [19][20][21]. In turn, motor and cognitive abnormalities may be correlated with cerebral white matter disease on neuroimaging [22][23][24].…”

“…Pertinent to frailty measures, individuals with ANI may not display HIV-associated motor abnormalities. In a study of motor correlates of HAND, ANI was similar to cognitive normal in its lack of motor manifestations, whereas all forms of syndromic HAND displayed greater motor impairments [19]. However, it is also possible that ANI represents a resilience phenotype in the face of a deleterious neurobiological process in the continuum of HAND.…”

Frailty in medically complex individuals with chronic HIV

“…Our findings support this suggestion, and are consistent with prior studies in HIV demonstrating an association between neuropsychiatric abnormality and frailty status [9,10]. Although the underlying mechanism of this association cannot be determined in our study, prior studies have demonstrated an association between motor abnormality (and with particular relevance to frailty, abnormal gait) and cognitive impairment, both in PLWH and HIV-negative populations [19][20][21]. In turn, motor and cognitive abnormalities may be correlated with cerebral white matter disease on neuroimaging [22][23][24].…”

“…Pertinent to frailty measures, individuals with ANI may not display HIV-associated motor abnormalities. In a study of motor correlates of HAND, ANI was similar to cognitive normal in its lack of motor manifestations, whereas all forms of syndromic HAND displayed greater motor impairments [19]. However, it is also possible that ANI represents a resilience phenotype in the face of a deleterious neurobiological process in the continuum of HAND.…”

Motor function declines over time in human immunodeficiency virus and is associated with cerebrovascular disease, while HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder remains stable

“…Applicability of the HDMS to milder HAND phenotypes is important given their relatively higher prevalence today as compared to HAD. Even though our cohort targets participants with greater burden of illness, who we would expect to have greater risk for HAD, the prevalence of HAD was only 3.1% at baseline, which is a significant decline from the 19.4% observed in our prior study (Robinson-Papp et al 2008). Similar findings have been reported by others; for ex-ample in the CHARTER study, a large US-based HIV-cohort study ( n = 1555) (Heaton et al 2010), the prevalence of HAD was 2%.…”

The Use of Visual Rating Scales to Quantify Brain MRI Lesions in Patients with HIV Infection

“…We found the Scheltens scale significantly more laborious to apply, largely due to the anatomic specificity required. However, its additional subscales, infratentorial and basal ganglia, were significantly correlated with motor dysfunction (UPDRS) in our sample, which is particularly relevant to HIV where motor dysfunction is an important part of CNS manifestations . Also, the anatomic specificity allowed us to detect an anterior‐posterior gradient in lesion burden (with anterior regions being more affected).…”

Frailty in medically complex individuals with chronic HIV

“…Our findings support this suggestion, and are consistent with prior studies in HIV demonstrating an association between neuropsychiatric abnormality and frailty status [9,10]. Although the underlying mechanism of this association cannot be determined in our study, prior studies have demonstrated an association between motor abnormality (and with particular relevance to frailty, abnormal gait) and cognitive impairment, both in PLWH and HIV-negative populations [19][20][21]. In turn, motor and cognitive abnormalities may be correlated with cerebral white matter disease on neuroimaging [22][23][24].…”

“…Pertinent to frailty measures, individuals with ANI may not display HIV-associated motor abnormalities. In a study of motor correlates of HAND, ANI was similar to cognitive normal in its lack of motor manifestations, whereas all forms of syndromic HAND displayed greater motor impairments [19]. However, it is also possible that ANI represents a resilience phenotype in the face of a deleterious neurobiological process in the continuum of HAND.…”

Motor function declines over time in human immunodeficiency virus and is associated with cerebrovascular disease, while HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder remains stable

“…Applicability of the HDMS to milder HAND phenotypes is important given their relatively higher prevalence today as compared to HAD. Even though our cohort targets participants with greater burden of illness, who we would expect to have greater risk for HAD, the prevalence of HAD was only 3.1% at baseline, which is a significant decline from the 19.4% observed in our prior study (Robinson-Papp et al 2008). Similar findings have been reported by others; for ex-ample in the CHARTER study, a large US-based HIV-cohort study ( n = 1555) (Heaton et al 2010), the prevalence of HAD was 2%.…”

The Use of Visual Rating Scales to Quantify Brain MRI Lesions in Patients with HIV Infection

“…We found the Scheltens scale significantly more laborious to apply, largely due to the anatomic specificity required. However, its additional subscales, infratentorial and basal ganglia, were significantly correlated with motor dysfunction (UPDRS) in our sample, which is particularly relevant to HIV where motor dysfunction is an important part of CNS manifestations . Also, the anatomic specificity allowed us to detect an anterior‐posterior gradient in lesion burden (with anterior regions being more affected).…”

Frailty in medically complex individuals with chronic HIV

“…Our findings support this suggestion, and are consistent with prior studies in HIV demonstrating an association between neuropsychiatric abnormality and frailty status [9,10]. Although the underlying mechanism of this association cannot be determined in our study, prior studies have demonstrated an association between motor abnormality (and with particular relevance to frailty, abnormal gait) and cognitive impairment, both in PLWH and HIV-negative populations [19][20][21]. In turn, motor and cognitive abnormalities may be correlated with cerebral white matter disease on neuroimaging [22][23][24].…”

“…Pertinent to frailty measures, individuals with ANI may not display HIV-associated motor abnormalities. In a study of motor correlates of HAND, ANI was similar to cognitive normal in its lack of motor manifestations, whereas all forms of syndromic HAND displayed greater motor impairments [19]. However, it is also possible that ANI represents a resilience phenotype in the face of a deleterious neurobiological process in the continuum of HAND.…”

Motor function declines over time in human immunodeficiency virus and is associated with cerebrovascular disease, while HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder remains stable

“…Applicability of the HDMS to milder HAND phenotypes is important given their relatively higher prevalence today as compared to HAD. Even though our cohort targets participants with greater burden of illness, who we would expect to have greater risk for HAD, the prevalence of HAD was only 3.1% at baseline, which is a significant decline from the 19.4% observed in our prior study (Robinson-Papp et al 2008). Similar findings have been reported by others; for ex-ample in the CHARTER study, a large US-based HIV-cohort study ( n = 1555) (Heaton et al 2010), the prevalence of HAD was 2%.…”

The Use of Visual Rating Scales to Quantify Brain MRI Lesions in Patients with HIV Infection

“…We found the Scheltens scale significantly more laborious to apply, largely due to the anatomic specificity required. However, its additional subscales, infratentorial and basal ganglia, were significantly correlated with motor dysfunction (UPDRS) in our sample, which is particularly relevant to HIV where motor dysfunction is an important part of CNS manifestations . Also, the anatomic specificity allowed us to detect an anterior‐posterior gradient in lesion burden (with anterior regions being more affected).…”