Motor dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment as tested by kinematic analysis and transcranial magnetic stimulation

Abstract

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Neuropsychology of posteromedial parietal cortex and conversion factors from Mild Cognitive Impairment to Alzheimer’s disease: systematic search and state-of-the-art review

“…Out of a total of 20,136 studies, 20,088 were removed according to the exclusion criteria and, additionally, if they (a) assessed visuomotor abilities in patients with MCI in Parkinson's Disease (MCI-PD) because of the major motor impairment or (b) provided information about upper extremity functioning by self-report measures. The final set, therefore, consisted of 48 studies assessing the following issues: 16 studies assessed VSWM abilities [17,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], 12 studies assessed anosognosia for memory deficits [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51], 14 studies assessed visuomotor abilities [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65], 2 studies investigated the relationship between VSWM and conversion [37,66], and 4 studies investigated the relationship between anosognosia for memory deficit...…”

Emerging concepts on bradykinesia in non‐parkinsonian conditions

“…Neurophysiological investigations in patients with generalized dystonia and FHD have variably shown that movement preparation can be abnormally prolonged [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]63,67,69]. Kinematic and electromyographic (EMG) recordings have demonstrated that in comparison with healthy subjects, patients performed single and multijoint arm movements with slower velocity and reduced amplitude, with co-contraction of agonist and antagonist muscles [21,65,70] or reduced contraction of muscle activity [66,71].…”

“…Unlike PD, the clinical and neurophysiological features of bradykinesia in non‐parkinsonian conditions are poorly detailed. In some circumstances, the term bradykinesia has been used to indicate movement slowness, whereas in others it has been used to indicate reduced movement amplitude, and only a few studies have specifically investigated the presence of sequence effect in non‐parkinsonian conditions [6,50,54,55]. Also, the pathophysiology of bradykinesia in non‐parkinsonian conditions has never been comprehensively addressed, and it is unknown whether the same network involved in bradykinesia in PD is also involved in these conditions.…”

Deterioration, Compensation and Motor Control Processes in Healthy Aging, Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease

“…Overall, studies have reported slower gait speed, as well as a shorter and more variable stride [ 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ]. Balance and postural control are also impaired [ 77 , 78 , 88 , 89 , 90 , 91 , 92 , 93 , 94 , 95 ], and kinematic studies investigating handwriting and finger-tapping movements have reported fine motor control deterioration in MCI and AD patients [ 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 ].…”