Motocross Morbidity: Economic Cost and Injury Distribution in Children

Larson, A. Noelle; Stans, Anthony A.; Shaughnessy, William J.; Dekutoski, Mark B.; Quinn, Michael J.; McIntosh, Amy L.

doi:10.1097/bpo.0b013e3181c1e2fa

Cited by 43 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…A previous retrospective review of motocross injuries treated at our institution from 2000 to 2007 identified 299 motocross injuries in 249 unique pediatric patients. 18 Of these 299 injury episodes, 141 (47%) required hospital admission, consistent with prior studies that show 20 to 30 admissions annually from motorbike injuries. Furthermore, 19 patients (6%) required admission to an intensive care unit, and 91 (30%) required surgical interventions (89% of which were orthopedic in nature).…”

supporting

confidence: 81%

“…Larson et al 18 reported loss of consciousness in 18% of all documented motocross injuries. These data were obtained from patient registries, meaning that participants with less recognizable or reportable symptoms of CBIs on the racetrack may not have presented to the hospital or emergency room.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,10,18 Motocross is a nationally organized sport that involves riding 2-wheeled motorized bikes around enclosed outdoor tracks over rough terrain and various obstacles. Youth motocross riders compete in age-based groups beginning at ages as young as 4 years.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Youth motocross riders compete in age-based groups beginning at ages as young as 4 years. 18 Motocross is a physically demanding sport, as riders need to maintain balance and control to navigate sharp turns and jump over obstacles. As participation increases, so does the number of youth at risk for sport-related injuries.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Concussion symptoms in youth motocross riders: a prospective, observational study

Luo¹,

Clarke²,

Zimmerman³

et al. 2015

PED

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OBJECT Action motorsports, including motocross, have been gaining popularity among children and adolescents, raising concerns for increased risk of concussions in participating youth. The authors undertook this study to test the following hypotheses: 1) that there is a high rate of concussion symptoms associated with a number of preventable or adjustable risk factors, and 2) that a high percentage of these symptoms are not be reported to adults and medical personnel. METHODS The authors identified all motocross riders under the age of 18 at a regional racetrack during the riding season between May and October 2010. The participants completed questionnaires pertaining to demographic characteristics and variables associated with motocross. The questionnaire results were compared with the incidence of self-reported concussion symptoms. RESULTS Two hundred two riders were identified who met the criteria for participation in the study, and 139 of them completed the study questionnaire. Of these 139 riders, 67 (48%) reported at least 1 concussion symptom during the season. The majority of riders (98%) reported “always” wearing a helmet, and 72% received professional help with fitting of their helmets. Proper helmet fitting was associated with a 41% decreased risk of concussion symptoms (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.44–0.81, p < 0.01). Sixty-six riders (47%) reported having received sponsor support for motocross participation. Sponsor support conferred a relative risk for concussion symptoms of 1.48 (95% CI 1.05–2.08, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of all motocross competitors under the age of 18 reported concussion symptoms. Preventive measures are necessary to limit the negative impact from concussions. The risk of concussive injury can be decreased for pediatric motocross riders if they receive professional help with proper helmet fitting and through implementation of stricter guidelines regarding sponsorship.

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supporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Concussion symptoms in youth motocross riders: a prospective, observational study

Luo¹,

Clarke²,

Zimmerman³

et al. 2015

PED

Self Cite

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“…A literature review reveals a significant body of information regarding the epidemiology of either specific fractures (craniofacial [21], maxillofacial [22], wrist/distal radius [23,24], hand [25,26], knee [27], tibial tuberosity [28] or metatarsal bones [29]) or certain activity-related injuries (motocross [30], all-terrain vehicles [31], bicycle [32], falling down the stairs [33] or holiday-related [34]). However, the objective of the study was to address the epidemiology of MSP in the ED and not the epidemiology of pediatric fractures or injuries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of musculoskeletal pain in a pediatric emergency department

et al. 2015

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The objectives of this study were (1) to determine the percentage of emergency department (ED) visits due to musculoskeletal pain (MSP) by children 3-14 years of age during a period of 1 year; (2) to determine the most frequent presenting complaints; and (3) to characterize their etiology. A cross-sectional study was performed on children aged 3-14(11/12) years attended at the ED of a tertiary hospital due to MSP. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were reviewed 5 days each month for 12 consecutive months. Study days were selected by computer-generated simple random sampling. Out of 4,531 visits to the ED, 826 were due to MSP (18.2 %; 95 % CI 17.1-19.4 %). When compared with children with no skeletal complaints, children with MSP had a similar sex distribution but were older (mean ± SD 7 ± 3.5 years vs 9.9 ± 3.1 years; p < 0.0001). The most common complaints were pain at the wrist (19 %), ankle (19 %) and finger (15 %). The most common etiology was trauma (88.4 %), including contusions (38 %), fractures (21 %) and sprains (18 %). Children with hip (6.7 ± 3 years; p < 0.0001) and elbow (7.8 ± 3.5 years; p < 0.0001) complaints were younger than children with pain in other locations, whereas children with wrist pain (10.5 ± 2.6 years; p < 0.002) and joint sprains (10.7 ± 2.7 years; p < 0.0001) were older. Fractures were more frequent in boys (64 vs 36 %, p = 0.008; OR 1.6; CI 1.1-2.2). Visits to the ED due to MSP increased with age. Pain at three locations represented 50 % of the presenting complaints. Trauma was the principal etiology, but fractures only represented one-fifth of the total.

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Racing to disaster: A 10‐year retrospective analysis of pediatric competitive motocross injuries

Bruney,

Rollins,

Holland

et al. 2024

JACEP Open

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ObjectivesIn competitive motocross, children as young as 4 years old race in groups on motorized off‐road bikes on uneven terrain. We aimed to describe pediatric injuries occurring during an annual week‐long certified amateur motocross competition between 2011 and 2021. Secondarily, we compared injury characteristics and medical evaluation by age.MethodsThis retrospective analysis of injuries sustained by children during an annual motocross competition included children <18 years who received care for an event‐related injury within either of the two large regional hospital systems between 2011 and 2021. Data were collected through electronic health record review and analyzed with descriptive statistics. We used chi‐square and Fisher exact tests to compare findings by age (young child less than 12 years vs. adolescent 12 years or older).ResultsOver the 10‐week study period (1 week per year for each of 10 years), 286 encounters were made by 278 children. Nearly all children (280/286, 98%) underwent imaging; most had at least one traumatic finding (71.7% of x‐rays, 62.4% of computed tomography [CT] scans). Ninety‐three children (32.5% of 286) sustained multisystem injuries. Emergency department procedures included one endotracheal intubation, one thoracostomy, 46 closed reductions, and 37 procedural sedations. Twenty‐eight children (9.8% of 286) required operative intervention. Overall, 25.5% of children (73/286) were hospitalized and one adolescent died. Adolescents were more likely than young children to undergo CT imaging (40.1% vs. 26.8%, p = 0.042) and have multisystem injuries (36.3% vs. 23.2%, p = 0.045). There was no difference in hospitalization or operative intervention by age.ConclusionThis comprehensive assessment of injuries sustained by children during competitive motocross demonstrates significant morbidity and mortality. Findings have implications for families who consider participation and health systems in regions where competitions occur.

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Motocross Morbidity: Economic Cost and Injury Distribution in Children

Abstract: Level IV, case series.

Cited by 43 publications

References 10 publications

Concussion symptoms in youth motocross riders: a prospective, observational study

Concussion symptoms in youth motocross riders: a prospective, observational study

Epidemiology of musculoskeletal pain in a pediatric emergency department

Racing to disaster: A 10‐year retrospective analysis of pediatric competitive motocross injuries

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