Motion of the body centre of gravity as a summary indicator of the mechanics of human pathological gait

Detrembleur, Christine; Hecke, Adélaïde van den; Dierick, Frédéric

doi:10.1016/s0966-6362(00)00081-3

Cited by 67 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…AIS patients seem to economize their muscular mechanical work. This economy has never been underlined in either experimentally restricted joint motions or other diseases that affect locomotion [10,11,20,22,29]. In a previous study in healthy subjects, shoulder, pelvis, and hip motion restrictions were observed when ablebodied trunks were experimentally stiffened by bracing for a short period of time [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: energy cost analysis

et al. 2009

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Walking is a very common activity for the human body. It is so common that the musculoskeletal and cardiovascular systems are optimized to have the minimum energetic cost at 4 km/h (spontaneous speed). A previous study showed that lumbar and thoracolumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients exhibit a reduction of shoulder, pelvic, and hip frontal mobility during gait. A longer contraction duration of the spinal and pelvic muscles was also noted. The energetic cost (C) of walking is normally linked to the actual mechanical work muscles have to perform. This total mechanical work (W tot ) can be divided in two parts: the work needed to move the shoulders and lower limbs relative to the center of mass of the body (COM b ) is known as the internal work (W int ), whereas additional work, known as external work (W ext ), is needed to accelerate and lift up the COM b relative to the ground. Normally, the COM b goes up and down by 3 cm with every step. Pathological walking usually leads to an increase in W tot (often because of increased vertical displacement of the COM b ), and consequently, it increases the energetic cost. The goal of this study is to investigate the effects of scoliosis and scoliosis severity on the mechanical work and energetic cost of walking. Fiftyfour female subjects aged 12 to 17 were used in this study. Thirteen healthy girls were in the control group, 12 were in scoliosis group 1 (Cobb angle [Cb] B 20°), 13 were in scoliosis group 2 (20°\ Cb \ 40°), and 16 were in scoliosis group 3 (Cb C 40°). They were assessed by physical examination and gait analysis. The 41 scoliotic patients had an untreated progressive left thoracolumbar or lumbar AIS. During gait analysis, the subject was asked to walk on a treadmill at 4 km h -1 . Movements of the limbs were followed by six infrared cameras, which tracked markers fixed on the body. W int was calculated from the kinematics. The movements of the COM b were derived from the ground reaction forces, and W ext was calculated from the force signal. W tot was equal to W int ? W ext . Oxygen consumption _ VO 2 À Á was measured with a mask to calculate energetic cost (C) and muscular efficiency (W tot /C). Statistical comparisons between the groups were performed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA). The external work (W ext ) and internal work (W int ) were both reduced from 7 to 22% as a function of the severity of the scoliosis curve. Overall, the total muscular mechanical work (W tot ) was reduced from 7% to 13% in the scoliosis patients. Within scoliosis groups, the W ext for the group 1 (Cb C 20°) and 2 (20 B Cb B 40°) was significantly different from group 3 (Cb C 40°). No significant differences were observed between scoliosis groups for the W int . The W tot did not showed any significant difference between scoliosis groups except between group 1 and 3. The energy cost and _ VO 2 were increased by around 30%. As a result Muscle efficiency was significantly decreased by 23% to 32%, but no significant differences related to the severi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: energy cost analysis

et al. 2009

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“…This suggests that the shank sensors are mostly affected by the abnormalities in hip flexion, whereas the waist sensor is affected by abnormalities in hip flexion and pelvic rotation. This is aligned with the fact most gait pathologies affect the movement of the center of gravity (Detrembleur et al, 2000), which is captured by the waist sensor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

A WEARABLE GAIT ANALYSIS SYSTEM USING INERTIAL SENSORS PART I - Evaluation of Measures of Gait Symmetry and Normality against 3D Kinematic Data

Sant'Anna¹,

Wickström²,

Zügner³

et al. 2012

Proceedings of the International Conference on Bio-Inspired Systems and Signal Processing

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A wearable gait analysis system using inertial sensors Part I: Evaluation of measures of gait symmetry and normality against 3D kinematic data. In: BIOSIGNALS 2012 -Proceedings of the International Conference on Bio-Inspired Systems andSignal Abstract: Gait analysis (GA) is an important tool in the assessment of several physical and cognitive conditions. The lack of simple and economically viable quantitative GA systems has hindered the routine clinical use of GA in many areas. As a result, patients may be receiving sub-optimal treatment. The present study introduces and evaluates measures of gait symmetry and gait normality calculated from inertial sensor data. These indices support the creation of mobile, cheap and easy to use quantitative GA systems. The proposed method was compared to measures of symmetry and normality derived from 3D kinematic data. Results show that the proposed method is well correlated to the kinematic analysis in both symmetry (r=0.84, p<0.0001) and normality (r=0.81, p<0.0001). In addition, the proposed indices can be used to classify normal from abnormal gait.

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“…The energy exchange rate is the modified index from "recovery of mechanical energy" defined by Cavagna [18][19][20][21] for clinical use. The modified index contains the energy of the horizontal plane in the computation because we thought the lateral motion of COG would have some effect on the change of total energy in patient gait, though some studies have reported that the change in kinetic energy due to the lateral velocity is negligible in normal gait.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Recovery of the Walking Ability of Patients at Early Stages after Total Hip Arthroplasty from the Perspective of the Displacement of the Center of Gravity

et al. 2008

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Abstract. [Purpose] We investigated the change of the movement of the Center of the Gravity (COG) while walking in the recovery process after surgery.[Subjects] The subjects were 9 women who had undergone total hip arthroplasty (THA) and 11 healthy women as controls.[Methods] Kinetic analyses were conducted using force platforms and a three-dimensional motion analyzer.[Results] At 4 weeks postsurgery, gait velocity was slow, and showed an asymmetric and large COG displacement with dynamic properties requiring inefficient heavy work mainly undertaken by the non-operated lower extremity. The COG displacement width and the work done were significantly reduced during one gait cycle with increased gait velocity at postoperative 6 months, and bilateral symmetry for the work in the push-off period was enhanced. Although significant differences were no longer found in many parameters when compared with the control group, elongated time in double-limb support persisted, and the lateral displacement width of COG, displacement volume, and the total internal work done during one gait cycle showed somewhat low values.[Conclusion] These findings can be interpreted as a strategy to gain overall stability while compensating for the functional disturbance such as limited hip motion and decreased muscle strength around the hip joint by restraining the COG displacement.

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Motion of the body centre of gravity as a summary indicator of the mechanics of human pathological gait

Cited by 67 publications

References 17 publications

Gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: energy cost analysis

Gait in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: energy cost analysis

A WEARABLE GAIT ANALYSIS SYSTEM USING INERTIAL SENSORS PART I - Evaluation of Measures of Gait Symmetry and Normality against 3D Kinematic Data

The Recovery of the Walking Ability of Patients at Early Stages after Total Hip Arthroplasty from the Perspective of the Displacement of the Center of Gravity

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