“…Ability is one of the most common causes that parents report for their children's success (Cashmore & Goodnow, 1986;Dunton, McDevitt, & Hess, 1988;Natale et al, 2008;Weiner, 1992). Although studies suggest that parents differ in the amount they use ability as an explanation for their children's academic outcomes and in the changes in their use of ability attribution over time (Enlund, Aunola, Tolvanen, & Nurmi, 2015;Natale et al, 2008), the majority of the studies have been variable-oriented and, thus, treated the parents as one homogeneous group. As this type of approach assumes that the associations between attribution variables across time are similar for all parents, the possibility that different individuals may show different patterns of attributions has not been taken into account.…”