Mössbauer and Raman Spectroscopic characterisation of iron-bearing minerals in Mars Exploration and the cultural heritage

Klingelhöfer, G.; Rull, Fernando; Venegas, G.; Gázquez, Fernando; Medina, J.

doi:10.1180/emu-notes.17.3

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“…This number rose to 19 minerals with the additional Raman analyses using micro-Raman laboratory instruments on collected samples. The complementary Mossbauer and XRD instruments confirmed most of these mineral phases (Rull et al, 2008;Klingelhöfer et al, 2016). It is interesting to note that Raman and Mössbauer sampling the same area observe the same minerals (given the mineral phases are active for Mössbauer), but in some cases their relative amount seems different.…”

Section: Fig 25mentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Raman accesses only the surface (around 100 mm) and Mössbauer can observe deeper (about 1 mm). An example is presented in Figure 23 with the results obtained on deposits of sulfate efflorescences showed in Figure 22 (bottom) (details from Klingelhöfer et al, 2016).…”

Section: Fig 25mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Raman spectroscopy can also supply useful information about biogenic processes related to mineral formation under acidic conditions. Figure 24 shows an example collected from the Rio Tinto banks with effects of bacterial acidophilic activity on the primary minerals (quartz and pyrite) (Klingelhöfer et al, 2016). The Raman results also indicate a small amount of jarosite and a strong, broad spectral feature with very clear disordered carbon D (*1350 cm -1 ) and G (1550-1600 cm -1 ) bands.…”

Section: Fig 25mentioning

confidence: 98%

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The Raman Laser Spectrometer for the ExoMars Rover Mission to Mars

et al. 2017

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The Raman Laser Spectrometer (RLS) on board the ESA/Roscosmos ExoMars 2020 mission will provide precise identification of the mineral phases and the possibility to detect organics on the Red Planet. The RLS will work on the powdered samples prepared inside the Pasteur analytical suite and collected on the surface and subsurface by a drill system. Raman spectroscopy is a well-known analytical technique based on the inelastic scattering by matter of incident monochromatic light (the Raman effect) that has many applications in laboratory and industry, yet to be used in space applications. Raman spectrometers will be included in two Mars rovers scheduled to be launched in 2020. The Raman instrument for ExoMars 2020 consists of three main units:(1) a transmission spectrograph coupled to a CCD detector; (2) an electronics box, including the excitation laser that controls the instrument functions; and (3) an optical head with an autofocus mechanism illuminating and collecting the scattered light from the spot under investigation. The optical head is connected to the excitation laser and the spectrometer by optical fibers. The instrument also has two targets positioned inside the rover analytical laboratory for onboard Raman spectral calibration. The aim of this article was to present a detailed description of the RLS instrument, including its operation on Mars. To verify RLS operation before launch and to prepare science scenarios for the mission, a simulator of the sample analysis chain has been developed by the team. The results obtained are also discussed. Finally, the potential of the Raman instrument for use in field conditions is addressed. By using a ruggedized prototype, also developed by our team, a wide range of terrestrial analog sites across the world have been studied. These investigations allowed preparing a large collection of real, in situ spectra of samples from different geological processes and periods of Earth evolution. On this basis, we are working to develop models for interpreting analog processes on Mars during the mission.

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Section: Fig 25mentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Fig 25mentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Fig 25mentioning

confidence: 98%

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