Mosquito Salivary Gland Extracts Induce EBV-Infected NK Cell Oncogenesis Via CD4+ T Cells in Patients with Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites

Asada, Hideo; Saito-Katsuragi, Mamiko; Niizeki, Hironori; Yoshioka, Akira; Suguri, Setsuo; Isonokami, Masaaki; Aoki, Toshiyuki; Ishihara, Shigehiko; Tokura, Y.; Iwatsuki, Keiji; Miyagawa, Sachiko

doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23915.x

Cited by 46 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Representative data are shown. NK cell counts were significantly more in the culture with SGE than the culture without SGE [41]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…A remarkable increase in the expression of LMP1 mRNA was observed in the patients' PBMC stimulated with mosquito SGE compared to the PBMC without stimulation[41].…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…We investigated whether mosquito bites have any influence on the expression of EBV-oncogene LMP1 in the EBV-infected NK cells in HMB patients, and found that mosquito antigen markedly increased the expression and induced NK cell proliferation [41].…”

Section: Induction Of Ebv-infected Nk Cell Oncogenesis By Mosquito Bitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites: A unique pathogenic mechanism linking Epstein-Barr virus infection, allergy and oncogenesis

Asada

2007

Journal of Dermatological Science

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“…Representative data are shown. NK cell counts were significantly more in the culture with SGE than the culture without SGE [41]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…A remarkable increase in the expression of LMP1 mRNA was observed in the patients' PBMC stimulated with mosquito SGE compared to the PBMC without stimulation[41].…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

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Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites: A unique pathogenic mechanism linking Epstein-Barr virus infection, allergy and oncogenesis

Asada

2007

Journal of Dermatological Science

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“…Severe hypersensitivity to mosquito bites is characterized by intense local skin reactions and systemic symptoms such as high fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. These patients often have natural killer cell lymphocytosis associated with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection (Asada et al 2005, Asada 2007.…”

Section: Immune Response To Mosquito Salivary Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coadaptation and malaria control

Tosta

2007

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Malaria emerges from a disequilibrium of the system 'human-plasmodium-mosquito' (HPM) Key words: malaria -control -coadaptation -coevolution -infectron -vaccine -antimalarial drugs -mosquitoinsecticide -equilibrium MALARIA, A CHANGING CONCEPTThe association of humans with plasmodia is probably as old as Humanity. However, our perceptions about the infection have been drastically changed throughout the time. In ancient times, and for a long while, malaria and several other infectious diseases were considered as due to God's punishment for human sins. During the Middle Age, the idea that the environment could affect human health by means of miasms associated with swamps was also applied to malaria. During the period of Renaissance, the Italian physician Girolamo Fracastoro introduced the concept of contagion, which was replaced by that of infectious agents three centuries later. Therefore, by the end of the XIX century malaria was considered as an infectious disease caused by plasmodia and transmitted by mosquitoes. The better understanding of the pathological aspects of the host-parasite relationships accomplished during the next century allowed to consider the major clinical-pathological manifestations of malaria as caused by an uncontrolled activation of the immune system by plasmodia, death sometimes occurring in the presence of minimal parasitemia or even in the absence of circulating parasites. Since the endothelium is the most affected structure in brain, kidney, and lung involvement, and the cells and molecules of the immune system are the major responsible for that, severe malaria could be considered as an immune endotheliopathy.A novel view is emerging at the dawn of the XXI century: malaria as the result of disequilibrium of the system 'human-plasmodium-mosquito' (HMP). If this system is maintained in equilibrium, malaria does not ensue, and the result is asymptomatic plasmodium infection. A vast body of evidence supports this assumption and, as shown in this essay, all phenomena concerning the relationships among the components of the system HMP involve coadaptation. The recognition of these coadaptive linkages, leading to equilibrium of the system and evolution of its components, compels to a reinterpretation of the immunology, therapeutics and vaccinology of malaria, and may contribute to change the tenets of malaria control strategies.

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“…Several cases have been described in which sensitization to mosquito bites is accompanied with natural killer (NK) cell lymphoproliferative disorders, the presence of T cells infected with Epstein-Barr virus or lymphocytosis associated with HIV infection [29,30,31,32]. The study by Asada et al [33] demonstrated that mosquito saliva induces lymphoproliferation, which, in turn, increases the expression of an oncogene in NK cells, which apparently plays an important role in the etiology of mosquito allergy. It has been shown that the inflammatory and/or allergic response induced by mosquito bites, especially Anopheles spp., favors infection with Plasmodium spp., thereby facilitating the occurrence of malaria [34,35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Aspects of the Immune Response Induced by Mosquito Allergens

Cantillo

Fernández-Caldas

Puerta

2014

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Allergies caused by mosquito bites may produce local or systemic reactions. The inhalation of mosquito allergens may also cause asthma and/or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in sensitized individuals. The mechanisms implicated in the development of these immune responses involve IgE antibodies, different subtypes of IgG and proinflammatory cytokines as well as basophils, eosinophils and mast cells. Several allergenic components have been identified in the saliva and bodies of mosquitoes and some of these are present in different mosquito species. The most common species implicated in allergic reactions belong to the genera Aedes, Culex and Anopheles. Several Aedes aegypti allergens have been cloned and sequenced. The recombinant molecules show IgE reactivity similar to that of the native allergens, making them good candidates for the diagnosis of mosquito allergies. Allergen-specific immunotherapy with mosquito extracts induces a protective response characterized by a decreased production of IgE antibodies, increased IgG levels, a reduction in the severity of cutaneous and respiratory symptoms and the need for medication. The aims of this review are to summarize the progress made in the characterization of mosquito allergens and discuss the types of immune responses induced by mosquito bites and the inhalation of mosquito allergens in atopic individuals.

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Mosquito Salivary Gland Extracts Induce EBV-Infected NK Cell Oncogenesis Via CD4+ T Cells in Patients with Hypersensitivity to Mosquito Bites

Cited by 46 publications

References 20 publications

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites: A unique pathogenic mechanism linking Epstein-Barr virus infection, allergy and oncogenesis

Hypersensitivity to mosquito bites: A unique pathogenic mechanism linking Epstein-Barr virus infection, allergy and oncogenesis

Coadaptation and malaria control

Immunological Aspects of the Immune Response Induced by Mosquito Allergens

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