Mortality, physiological stress and reflex impairment in sub-legal Pagrus auratus exposed to simulated angling

McArley, Tristan; Herbert, Neill A.

doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2014.07.016

Cited by 28 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…than the continuous range of stressor intensity that occurs in a real fishery. Our results are also supported by a recent study on silver seabream (Pagrus auratus) in which higher reflex impairment scores were reflected by greater accumulation of blood lactate and depressed muscle pH (McArley and Herbert 2014). In the present study, significant elevations in the PC1 and lactate responses of fish were both likely the result of excessive anaerobic metabolism in the white muscle.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Reflex Impairment and Mortalitysupporting

confidence: 91%

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Mechanisms to explain purse seine bycatch mortality of coho salmon

Raby

Hinch

Patterson

et al. 2015

Ecological Applications

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Research on fisheries bycatch and discards frequently involves the assessment of reflex impairment, injury, or blood physiology as means of quantifying vitality and predicting post-release mortality, but exceptionally few studies have used all three metrics concurrently. We conducted an experimental purse seine fishery for Pacific salmon in the Juan de Fuca Strait, with a focus on understanding the relationships between different sublethal indicators and whether mortality could be predicted in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) bycatch. We monitored mortality using a ~24-h net pen experiment (N = 118) and acoustic telemetry (N = 50), two approaches commonly used to assess bycatch mortality that have rarely been directly compared. Short-term mortality was 21% in the net pen experiment (~24 h) and estimated at 20% for telemetry-tagged fish (~48-96 h). Mortality was predicted by injury and reflex impairment, but only in the net pen experiment. Higher reflex impairment was mirrored by perturbations to plasma ions and lactate, supporting the notion that reflex impairment can be used as a proxy for departure from physiological homeostasis. Reflex impairment also significantly correlated with injury scores, while injury scores were significantly correlated with plasma ion concentrations. The higher time-specific mortality rate in the net pen and the fact that reflexes and injury corresponded with mortality in that experiment, but not in the telemetry-tagged fish released into the wild could be explained partly by confinement stress. While holding experiments offer the potential to provide insights into the underlying causes of mortality, chronic confinement stress can complicate the interpretation of patterns and ultimately affect mortality rates. Collectively, these results help refine our understanding of the different sublethal metrics used to assess bycatch and the mechanisms that can lead to mortality.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Reflex Impairment and Mortalitysupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Our results are also supported by a recent study on silver seabream (Pagrus auratus) in which higher reflex impairment scores were reflected by greater accumulation of blood lactate and depressed muscle pH (McArley and Herbert 2014). Beyond the whiskers, outliers are shown.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Reflex Impairment and Mortalitysupporting

confidence: 89%

Mechanisms to explain purse seine bycatch mortality of coho salmon

Raby

Hinch

Patterson

et al. 2015

Ecological Applications

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“…There has been research indicating that higher RAMP scores in a variety of fish species are correlated with fishing stressor duration, higher post-release predation and mortality (Brownscombe et al, 2015;McArley and Herbert, 2014). However, in our study, we observed no apparent statistical difference of RAMP scores between treatment groups (Tab.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 76%

Do fishing education programs effectively transfer ‘catch-and-release’ best practices to youth anglers yielding measurable improvements in fish condition and survival?

Palme

Nguyen

Gutowsky

et al. 2016

Knowl. Manag. Aquat. Ecosyst.

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-There is growing interest in educating anglers on catch-and-release (C&R) best practices, yet there is little information on whether angler education programs yield measurable improvements in fish condition and survival. As such, we conducted a study focused on mixed-gender youth groups (aged 8-10) and contrasted three levels of training intervention. Treatment 1 training had no mention of C&R best practices. Treatments 2 and 3 trainings involved visual aids to illustrate best practices, while Treatment 3 added a hands-on demonstration. When caught by the most highly trained participants, fish experienced the least amount of air exposure, but were handled for longer periods, as trained anglers were more careful. Higher levels of training led to a higher likelihood that anglers wet their hands and used a bucket filled with water while handling fish but all treatment groups yielded similar incidences of deep hooking and bleeding. Overall, mortality (initial and after ∼12 h) was low across all treatments. Our findings suggest that a short (∼20 min) fishing workshop can transfer information on C&R practices, at least in the short-term, that can lead to some improved conditions for angler-caught fish. It is unclear the extent to which this information is retained in the long-term or how different target populations or training strategies might influence knowledge transfer and adoption and thus biological outcomes. With growing interest in sharing C&R best practices with anglers, we suggest that there is need for additional research on outreach strategies to ensure that such efforts are effective and yield meaningful benefits to fish welfare and conservation.Keywords: angler education program / catch-and-release practices / environmental education and outreach / recreational fisheries / fish injury and stress / knowledge transfer Résumé -Les programmes d'éducation à la pêche transmettent-ils les bonnes pratiques du «capture-relâcher» aux jeunes pêcheurs, conduisant à une amélioration mesurable dans la condition et la survie des poissons ? Il y a un intérêt croissant dans l'éducation des pêcheurs pour les meilleures pratiques de la capture et du relâcher (C & R), mais il y a peu de connaissance pour savoir si les programmes d'éducation des pêcheurs donnent des améliorations mesurables dans la condition du poisson et de sa survie. Ainsi, nous avons mené une étude sur des groupes de jeunes garçons et filles (âgés de 8 à 10) et comparé trois niveaux d'intervention de formation. Le groupe 1 n'avait aucune information sur les meilleures pratiques C & R. Les groupes 2 et 3 avaient une formation utilisant des aides visuelles pour illustrer les meilleures pratiques, et le traitement 3 avait en plus une démonstration pratique. Quand il est pris par les participants les plus formés, le poisson a subi le moins d'exposition à l'air, mais a été manipulé pendant de longues périodes, parce que les pêcheurs formés étaient plus prudents. Les niveaux les plus élevés de formation ont conduit à une plus forte probabilité que les...

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“…Along with those in chapter 2 and a recent study by McArley and Herbert (2014), the data here are the first to provide some confirmation that reflex impairment indicates a compromised physiological state. We would suggest however, that plasma lactate is not itself a driver of reflex impairment but rather a by-product of the physiological processes directly responsible for impairment of (at least some of) the reflexes used here.…”

Section: Physiological Findingssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…These findings can hardly be considered novel or surprising, but were important nonetheless because they provided a thorough Davis 2007, Nguyen et al 2014 and several other species (Davis and Ottmar 2006, Humborstad et al 2009, Barkley and Cadrin 2012, Stoner 2012, Brownscombe et al 2013, McArley and Herbert 2014.…”

Section: Chapter 8 Synthesis and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Effects of Fisheries Capture on the Physiology and Post-Release Fate of Adult Pacific Salmon

Raby¹

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All animals encounter acute stressors during their lifetimes, and while the immediate response to those stressors is well understood and presumed to be adaptive, relatively few studies have linked those responses with subsequent fitness outcomes. This problem finds particular relevance in the fisheries realm, where there is interest in developing a) an understanding of what leads to mortality for caught-and-released animals, b) methods for reducing post-release mortality, and c) predictors of delayed mortality. Pacific salmon are a tractable model for studying post-release mortality because the migration success of individuals after release can be easily and effectively tracked, and migration failure means zero lifetime fitness. In this thesis I report on research in which I used physiological assessments and tracked Pacific salmon fitness outcomes in the wild to examine the response to and recovery from capture, and whether individual differences in responses could be linked to migration or spawning failure. A key finding that arose throughout was that reflex impairment is an effective indicator of the whole-animal response to capture stressors, is correlated with dermal injury, reflects underlying physiological processes, and can predict delayed mortality. I demonstrate that mortality rates currently used in management models are likely inaccurate, but use several lines of evidence to show that mortality could be reduced using different capture and handling techniques. Specifically, more proactive efforts to reduce handling time reduced physiological disturbance and reflex impairment. Revival using industry-standard revival totes and novel in-river recovery bags did not reduce delayed mortality, although the latter and forced-flow revival boxes appeared effective at expediting short-term revival. I found some evidence that sensitivity to capture stressors may change dynamically iii throughout the spawning migration, with fish becoming particularly resilient once reaching spawning areas. Well-controlled experiments are required if the knowledge gaps arising from this thesis are to be addressed: namely, how does resilience to capture stressors change over the course of the spawning migration, and when does facilitated revival benefit fish survival? Collectively, the work presented in this thesis provides a useful addition to our understanding of the effects of fisheries capture on the physiology and survival of fish. iv Acknowledgements I am very fortunate to have worked under the supervision of Dr. Steven Cooke and Dr. Scott Hinch, and am indebted to both. A late-night call from Steve in the final months of my undergraduate degree persuaded me to agree to join his lab for graduate school -a decision that has benefited me enormously. Working with Scott's dynamic research team in British Columbia was a remarkable experience that I'll never forget, and I realized early on that I wanted to continue working with him and Steve for an extended period, which is why this document is a doctoral dissertation rather than an...

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Mortality, physiological stress and reflex impairment in sub-legal Pagrus auratus exposed to simulated angling

Cited by 28 publications

References 49 publications

Mechanisms to explain purse seine bycatch mortality of coho salmon

Mechanisms to explain purse seine bycatch mortality of coho salmon

Do fishing education programs effectively transfer ‘catch-and-release’ best practices to youth anglers yielding measurable improvements in fish condition and survival?

The Effects of Fisheries Capture on the Physiology and Post-Release Fate of Adult Pacific Salmon

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