Mortality and survival of COVID-19

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with mortality and survival of COVID-19 cases in a state of the Brazilian Northeast. It is a historical cohort with a secondary database of 2070 people that presented flu-like symptoms, sought health assistance in the state and tested positive to COVID-19 until 14 April 2020, only moderate and severe cases were hospitalised. The main outcome was death as a binary variable (yes/no). It also investigated the main factors related to mortality and survival of the disease. Time since the beginning of symptoms until death/end of the survey (14 April 2020) was the time variable of this study. Mortality was analysed by robust Poisson regression, and survival by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. From the 2070 people that tested positive to COVID-19, 131 (6.3%) died and 1939 (93.7%) survived, the overall survival probability was 87.7% from the 24th day of infection. Mortality was enhanced by the variables: elderly (HR 3.6; 95% CI 2.3–5.8; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), neurological diseases (HR 3.9; 95% CI 1.9–7.8; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), pneumopathies (HR 2.6; 95% CI 1.4–4.7; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001) and cardiovascular diseases (HR 8.9; 95% CI 5.4–14.5; <jats:italic>P</jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, mortality by COVID-19 in Ceará is similar to countries with a large number of cases of the disease, although deaths occur later. Elderly people and comorbidities presented a greater risk of death.</jats:p>

Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease is Associated With Severity and Mortality of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In the group of COVID-19 mortality, the average prevalence of cardio-cerebrovascular disease was 15.15%. Seventeen studies ( Buckner et al, 2020 ; Cao et al, 2020 ; Guan et al, 2020 ; Huang et al, 2020 ; Khamis et al, 2020 ; Y. Li et al, 2020 ; Mao et al, 2020 ; Mendy et al, 2020 ; Petrilli et al, 2020 ; Romero-Sanchez et al, 2020 ; Wang et al, 2020 ; Wei et al, 2020 ; Xie et al, 2020 ; Xu et al, 2020 ; S. Yan et al, 2020 ; G. Zhang et al, 2020 ; J. J. Zhang et al, 2020 ) reported the disease severity of COVID-19 patients with cardio-cerebrovascular disease, and 14 studies ( T. Chen et al, 2020 ; Du et al, 2020 ; Halvatsiotis et al, 2020 ; Inciardi et al, 2020 ; Mehra et al, 2020 ; Nikpouraghdam et al, 2020 ; Ruan et al, 2020 ; Soares et al, 2020 ; Sousa et al, 2020 ; Tu et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ; Y. Yan et al, 2020 ; Yuan et al, 2020 ; Zhou et al, 2020 ) reported the mortality of COVID-19 patients with cardio-cerebrovascular disease.…”

Angiotensin enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers as protective factors in COVID-19 mortality: a retrospective cohort study

“…From the beginning of the outbreak, some studies performed survival analyses on COVID-19 patients. A recent Brazilian study calculated these patients' overall survival to be approximately 90% [33]. An international study also calculated the overall survival of the patients at around 70% [34].…”

Rheumatic Musculoskeletal Diseases and COVID-19 A Review of the First 6 Months of the Pandemic

“…The cohort of 5,700 COVID-19 patients from New York City did not list any rheumatologic disease as a comorbidity, although at least CTD should have been captured, given that the Charlson comorbidity index was used in this study ( 19 ). Likewise, no RMD was named under the comorbidities in a prospective cohort of 1,150 critically ill patients in New York City or a cohort of 2,070 COVID-19 cases in Brazil ( 46 , 47 ). In a paper from Lombardy, the Italian region with the highest number of COVID-19 cases ( 48 ), there were no patients with immunosuppressive therapy with JAKi or bDMARDs among 700 COVID-19 patients with a severe course of disease.…”