Morphology, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Mangrove Soil under Riverine and Marine Influence: A Case Study on Subaé River Basin, Bahia, Brazil

Abstract

The preservation of mangrove ecosystem requires knowledge on soil Morphology, Physical and Chemical Characteristics, for understanding the requirements for their sustainability and preservation. Seven pedons of mangrove soil, five under fluvial and two under marine influence, located in the Subaé River basin were described and classified.Samples of horizons were collected for physical and chemical analyses, including Pb and Cd. The moist soils were suboxidic, with Eh below 350 mV. The pH of the pedons under fluvial influence ranged from moderately acid to alkaline, and pedons under marine influence was around 7.0. Mangrove soils under fluvial influence were characterized with the highest Pb and Cd concentrations in the pedons, which could be perhaps due to it closeness to the mining company Plumbum, while the lowest Pb concentrations was registered in the pedon furthest from the factory. Because the pedons had at least one metal above the reference level they were considered potentially toxic. The soils were classified as Gleissolos Tiomórficos Órticos (sálicos) sódico neofluvissólico, according to the Brazilian Soil Classification System and as Thiomorphic orthic Gleysol (salic) sodicluvissol (potentially toxic, very poorly drained) according with FAO. The pedon under marine influence was classified in the same subgroup, but the metal concentrations met the acceptable standard.

Physicochemical factors influencing zonation patterns, niche width and tolerances of dominant mangroves in southern Oriental Mindoro, Philippines

“…The physiological tolerance of different mangrove species to waterlogging, salinity, sulfides, nutrients, sedimentation, soil texture, nutrients, and redox potential have been linked with their structural and distribution patterns (Cardona and Botero 1998;Sherman et al 1998;Das et al 2019). The development of each mangrove species is influenced by the physicochemical characteristics of soil, which may compromise their growth and structure (Perera et al 2013;Harahap et al 2015;Bomfim et al 2018). Perhaps, the soils and mangrove vegetation have a strong interaction with each other, resulting in the formation process of both the soil and the characteristic of the growing mangrove plants (Bomfim et al 2018).…”

“…The development of each mangrove species is influenced by the physicochemical characteristics of soil, which may compromise their growth and structure (Perera et al 2013;Harahap et al 2015;Bomfim et al 2018). Perhaps, the soils and mangrove vegetation have a strong interaction with each other, resulting in the formation process of both the soil and the characteristic of the growing mangrove plants (Bomfim et al 2018).…”

“…Among the aforementioned physicochemical factors, salinity is considered as the limiting factor that has a critical role in the establishment and productivity of mangroves, aside from the influence inflicted by human and other biotic factors (Ball 2002;Feller et al 2010;Kodikara et al 2018). The variations in the salinity of water and the corresponding ability of different mangrove species to adapt in saline conditions have significant contribution to their growth and distribution patterns (Bomfim et al 2018). Mangroves growing in habitats with lower salinity are likely to grow more rapidly than those living in the highly saline habitat (Perera et al 2013).…”

“…Water quality is also among the parameters that provide basic scientific information in understanding the physical and chemical influences in the mangrove environment (Mariappan et al 2016). The patterns of tidal inundation in different local settings influence the mangrove soil characteristics controlling species zonation in the mangrove ecosystem (Joshi and Ghose 2003;Chandarasekara and Dissanayake 2014;Bomfim et al 2018). The increase in temperature due to climate change can also cause stress to mangrove seedlings (Lovelock et al 2009;Gillis et al 2019).…”

Socio-Economic Status and Living Conditions of Coastal Communities: Impacts on the Mangrove Ecosystems in the Scarcies Estuaries, Sierra Leone, West Africa

“…Nearly 120 million people will live within 10km of the remaining large mangrove habitats by 2015 [5]. This ecosystem is key for enormous abiotic and biological resources and offers a mixture of ecosystem services from which humanity benefits [6][7][8]. These services can be categorized into provisioning, supporting and regulating, and cultural [9][10].…”