Morphology of the palate, palatal rugae pattern, and dental arch form in patients with schizophrenia

Mobile, Rafael Zancan; Filla, Clarissa de Fátima Santos; Sbalqueiro, Ricardo; Lima, Antônio Adilson Soares de; Silva, Rhonan Ferreira; Paranhos, Luiz Renato; Tanaka, Orlando Motohiro; Turkina, Anna; Franco, Ademir

doi:10.1111/scd.12408

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…From 2016 to 2020, four studies focused on the palate region. Two presented a significant difference in palate width between patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls 26 , 27 , and the other two reported differences in palate shape characteristics but did not find palate width to be significant 28 , 29 . Furthermore, a study measuring the quantitative characteristics of the eyes showed that patients with schizophrenia tended to have smaller optical angles and inner canthal distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Development and validation of a web-based prediction tool on minor physical anomalies for schizophrenia

Wang

Lin

et al. 2022

Schizophr

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In support of the neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia, minor physical anomalies (MPAs) have been suggested as biomarkers and potential pathophysiological significance for schizophrenia. However, an integrated, clinically useful tool that used qualitative and quantitative MPAs to visualize and predict schizophrenia risk while characterizing the degree of importance of MPA items was lacking. We recruited a training set and a validation set, including 463 schizophrenia patients and 281 healthy controls to conduct logistic regression and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression to select the best parameters of MPAs and constructed nomograms. Two nomograms were built to show the weights of these predictors. In the logistic regression model, 11 out of a total of 68 parameters were identified as the best MPA items for distinguishing between patients with schizophrenia and controls, including hair whorls, epicanthus, adherent ear lobes, high palate, furrowed tongue, hyperconvex fingernails, a large gap between first and second toes, skull height, nasal width, mouth width, and palate width. The Lasso regression model included the same variables of the logistic regression model, except for nasal width, and further included two items (interpupillary distance and soft ears) to assess the risk of schizophrenia. The results of the validation dataset verified the efficacy of the nomograms with the area under the curve 0.84 and 0.85 in the logistic regression model and lasso regression model, respectively. This study provides an easy-to-use tool based on validated risk models of schizophrenia and reflects a divergence in development between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls (https://www.szprediction.net/).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Development and validation of a web-based prediction tool on minor physical anomalies for schizophrenia

Wang

Lin

et al. 2022

Schizophr

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“…However, none of them used a paired sample in a ratio of 1:2 for the case and control group, respectively. Some authors in epidemiology suggest adding more than one control to each case, as done in the present study, because this feature is capable of optimizing statistical results 10,15 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the scientific literature, there are observational case‐control studies that demonstrate several MPA of individuals with schizophrenia compared to the general population 3–9 . On the other hand, there are few studies with specific palate analyses performed in populations with schizophrenia 1,7–10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The characteristics of palate and upper dental arch can be an anatomical marker for men with schizophrenia? Case‐control study

Mobile

Roussenq

Araújo

et al. 2020

Special Care in Dentistry

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Aims The aim of this study was to compare individuals with and without schizophrenia through the characteristics of the palate, such as width, length, depth, palate shape, and upper dental arch shape. Methods and results The sample was divided into one case group (n = 45) and two control groups (n = 90; 45 individuals each group). Groups were paired by variables: sex, age, and malocclusion type. All analyses were performed on upper dental arch plaster models. All individuals were male and the mean age was 28.56 (SD: 7.82) years. The frequency of the malocclusion type observed was 54.1% (Class I), 22.2% (Class II), and 23.7% (Class III). Statistically significant difference was observed between the case and control groups for the variables palate shape (P = .004) and upper dental arch shape (P = .003). The case group had a higher frequency of the deep or grooved palate shape (57.8%) and parabolic dental arch shape (48.9%). There was no statistically significant difference for the palate width, length, and depth (P > .05). Conclusions There was an evidence that the deep or grooved palate shape and parabolic dental arch shape are morphological characteristics of the palate in men with schizophrenia.

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“…The authors also indicate that in the study by Tysiąc‐Miśta et al, 2 the palatal rugae pattern was evaluated. In another study of our group, conducted by Franco et al, 4 we evaluated the palatal rugae pattern and area of patients with schizophrenia. The palatal rugae in patients with schizophrenia had a more random significantly distribution and shape compared to the control group and the palate area was slightly larger in the control group compared with the group of patients with schizophrenia.…”

Section: Conflict Of Intrestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to letter to the editor: Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: From oral biology and dental sciences perspective

Mobile

Araújo

Maciel

et al. 2020

Special Care in Dentistry

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Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: From oral biology and dental sciences perspective" in our recent publication "The characteristics of palate and upper dental arch can be an anatomical marker for men with schizophrenia? Case-control study. " 1 First, we would like to justify the fact that we did not mention the study by Tysiąc-Miśta et al 2 in our research. After a long search in different databases, we did not find the abstract, doi record, or even the original article. After searching the archives of the Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, we also found no records of the article, which makes us believe that the publication was printed, and would make it difficult for us to find this reference. However, we emphasize our interest in reading the study by Tysiąc-Miśta et al, 2 and it would have been a pleasure to discuss our findings with their results, since they are similar studies. We fully agree with the comments in this letter to the editor. It is known that the oral health of individuals with schizophrenia is poor. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is still viewed with great stigma by the general population and also by health professionals including dentists. Conducting a study with a sample of hospitalized individuals with schizophrenia is a major challenge. The hospital environment is not suitable for a clinical dental evaluation with acceptable standards, and we did not have sufficient equipment (such as radiographic devices). We also agree that the different environmental factors present in the oral cavity can influence the quantitative results of the palate width, length, and depth, but as stated earlier, the poor health of this population poses great challenges for the standardization of the sample and carrying out this form of research. Furthermore, the diversity of measurement points in the studies makes it difficult to compare the results between the findings.

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Morphology of the palate, palatal rugae pattern, and dental arch form in patients with schizophrenia

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Development and validation of a web-based prediction tool on minor physical anomalies for schizophrenia

Development and validation of a web-based prediction tool on minor physical anomalies for schizophrenia

The characteristics of palate and upper dental arch can be an anatomical marker for men with schizophrenia? Case‐control study

Response to letter to the editor: Minor physical anomalies in schizophrenia: From oral biology and dental sciences perspective

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