Morphological studies and taxonomic review of<i>Preonanthus</i>(Ranunculaceae)

Szentpéteri, József; Szente, Sz.; Szegö, B.; Stranczinger, Sz.

doi:10.1556/abot.50.2008.3-4.17

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Flowers of P. alpina are visited by both dipteran pollinators and seed predators. The main pollinators of P. alpina are house flies and syrphids (Appendix S1 ), which visit the flowers for pollen (Szentpéteri et al, 2008 ). Flowers of P. alpina are also visited by Phytomyza species, which are monophagous, dipteran seed predators.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruptive selection via pollinators and seed predators on the height of flowers on a wind‐dispersed alpine herb

Chen

Pannell

2022

American J of Botany

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Premise Floral stalk height is known to affect seed dispersal of wind‐dispersed grassland species, but it may also affect the attractiveness of flowers and fruits of animal‐pollinated and animal‐dispersed plants. Stalk height may thus be responsive to selection via interactions with both mutualist pollinators and seed dispersers, but also antagonist florivores and seed predators. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of pollinators and seed predators on selection on floral stalk height in the insect‐pollinated and wind‐dispersed, alpine, andromonoecious herb Pulsatilla alpina, whose flowers also vary in their sex allocation and thus in the resources available to both mutualists and antagonists. Methods We measured the resource status of individuals in terms of their size and the height of the vegetation surrounding plants of P. alpina at 11 sites. In one population, we recorded floral stalk height over an entire growing season and investigated its association with floral morphology and floral sex allocation (pistil and stamen number) and used leaf‐removal manipulations to assess the effect of herbivory on floral stalk height. Finally, in four populations, we quantified phenotypic selection on floral stalk height in four female components of reproductive success before seed dispersal. Results Stalk height was positively associated with female allocation of the respective flower, the resource status of the individual, and the height of the surrounding vegetation, and negatively affected by leaf removal. Our results point to disruptive selection on stalk height in terms of both selection differentials and selection gradients for fertilization, seed predation, and seed maturation rates and to positive selection on stalk height in terms of a selection differential for mature seed number. Conclusions Stalk height of P. alpina is a costly trait that affects female reproductive success via interactions with both mutualists and antagonists. We discuss the interplay between the resource status and selection imposed on female reproductive success and its likely role in the evolution of sex‐allocation strategies, especially andromonoecy.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruptive selection via pollinators and seed predators on the height of flowers on a wind‐dispersed alpine herb

Chen

Pannell

2022

American J of Botany

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“…Flowers of P. alpina are visited by both dipteral pollinators and seed predators. The main pollinators of P. alpina are house flies and syrphids (Appendix S1), which visit the flowers for pollen (Szentpéteri et al, 2008). Flowers of P. alpina are also visited by a monophagous dipteran seed predator, Phytomyza sp..…”

Section: Study Species-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Disruptive selection via pollinators and seed predators on the height of flowers in a wind-dispersed alpine herb

Chen

Pannell

2022

Preprint

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Premise of the studyFloral stalk height is known to affect pollination and seed dispersal in wind-dispersed grassland species, but it may also affect the attractiveness of flowers and fruits in animal-pollinated and animal-dispersed plants. Stalk height may thus be responsive to selection via interactions with both mutualist pollinators and seed dispersers, but also antagonist florivors and seed predators. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of pollinators and seed predators on selection on floral stalk height in the insect-pollinated and wind-dispersed alpine andromonoecious herb Pulsatilla alpina, whose flowers also vary in their sex allocation and thus in the resources available to both mutualists and antagonists.MethodsWe measured the resource status of individuals in terms of their size and the height of the vegetation surrounding plants of P. alpina at eleven sites. In one population, we recorded the dynamics of floral stalk height over the course of an entire growing season and its association with floral morphology and floral sex allocation (pistil and stamen number), and we used leaf-removal manipulations to assess the effect of herbivory on floral stalk height. Finally, in four populations we studied phenotypic selection on floral stalk height in four female components of reproductive success before seed dispersal.Key resultsStalk height was positively associated with female allocation of the respective flower, the resource status of the individual, and the height of the surrounding vegetation, and negatively affected by leaf removal. Our results point to disruptive selection on stalk height in terms of both selection differentials and selection gradients for fertilization, seed predation, and seed maturation rates, and to positive selection on stalk height in terms of a selection differential for mature seed number.ConclusionsStalk height in P. alpina is a costly trait that affects female reproductive success via interactions with both mutualists and antagonists. We discuss the interplay between the resource status and selection imposed on female reproductive success and its likely role in the evolution of sex-allocation strategies, especially andromonoecy.

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“…Some species of Pulsatilla develop staminodial nectaries and produce nectar [7,14,17,18]. In several species of this genus, for example in P. alpina, no floral nectaries have been found [19,20]. Pulsatilla flowers have been classified as either bell-shaped [7] or bowlshaped [19] on the basis of the perianth shape, which determines the accessibility of nectar and pollen to pollinators, Studies conducted by several researchers have indicated that for some Pulsatilla species the temperature in the interior of flowers is higher than the ambient temperature.…”

Section: Digital Signaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological aspects of the floral structure and flowering in Pulsatilla species

et al. 2017

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In terms of flowering ecology, Pulsatilla flowers are classified as "pollen flowers" producing inconsiderable amounts of nectar. The aim of this study was to assess the length of the flowering period in Pulsatilla slavica and P. vulgaris and to investigate the structure of the epidermis of the perianth and generative elements of their flowers. Special focus was placed on the structure of hairs and the distribution of stomata. The weight of nectar released by the flowers of the two Pulsatilla species and the content of sugars in the nectar was also evaluated. In SE Poland, both species flowered for similar periods between the second half of April and the first half of May. The flower life-span of both was determined to be 9-14 days. The lower part of each sepal was observed to be covered by long hairs having cellulose-pectin cell walls of varying thickness. Hairs present on the pistil style are thinner; they may provide some protection against cold and can play a role of a secondary pollen presenter for insects. The bowl-shaped structure of the perianth and the nature of the adaxial surface of the sepal epidermis may facilitate reflection of sunlight into the inner parts of the flower, which may contribute to an elevation of the intraflower temperature. This is particularly important for the functionality of the ovary. The surface of the hairs was seen to be covered by a cuticle ensuring water impermeability. Flowers are visited by honeybees, bumblebees, butterflies, and ants, for which nectar and pollen are the main attractants. Ants, which are regarded as illegitimate flower visitors, were found to cause damage to the androecium. The number of fruits produced in the flowers of both Pulsatilla species was lower than 50% of the number of pistils.

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Morphological studies and taxonomic review ofPreonanthus(Ranunculaceae)

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Disruptive selection via pollinators and seed predators on the height of flowers on a wind‐dispersed alpine herb

Disruptive selection via pollinators and seed predators on the height of flowers on a wind‐dispersed alpine herb

Disruptive selection via pollinators and seed predators on the height of flowers in a wind-dispersed alpine herb

Ecological aspects of the floral structure and flowering in Pulsatilla species

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