Morphological evolution of spinel disordered LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries by modified solid-state method

Engineering Crystal Orientation of Cathode for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Minireview

“…Besides the above-mentioned strategies, crystal orientation growth can also be tuned by choosing appropriate calcination conditions, [62,64,65] ammonia concentration, [21,31] and solution acidity (pH). [63] In terms of the calcination temperature, there are many literature reports related to spinel-type cathodes, where the changes in morphology and surface orientation with the temperature have been investigated in depth.…”

“…The evolution diagram is shown in Figure 5a, spinel cathodes with different surface orientations in the form of irregular, octahedron, and truncated octahedral morphologies can be prepared by modifying the calcination temperature. [62] Generally, the spinel cathode with standard octahedron only contains {111} facets, while the spinel cathode with truncated octahedron or polyhedron is dominated by the {111} facets, supplemented by a small part of {110} and {100} facets. However, it is worth mentioning that the morphology evolution regularity of LiMn 2 O 4 and LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 cathodes obtained by Xu and Li's two research teams through temperature control experiments are different, which indicates that the crystal growth process is terribly complicated.…”

“…However, it is worth mentioning that the morphology evolution regularity of LiMn 2 O 4 and LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 cathodes obtained by Xu and Li's two research teams through temperature control experiments are different, which indicates that the crystal growth process is terribly complicated. [62,64] Likewise, the calcination time also affects the crystal growth, which will not be described too much here. [5,65] In addition, ammonia concentration is an essential factor in affecting the growth behavior of Ni-rich layered-structure cathodes.…”

“…In terms of the calcination temperature, there are many literature reports related to spinel‐type cathodes, where the changes in morphology and surface orientation with the temperature have been investigated in depth. The evolution diagram is shown in Figure 5a, spinel cathodes with different surface orientations in the form of irregular, octahedron, and truncated octahedral morphologies can be prepared by modifying the calcination temperature [62] . Generally, the spinel cathode with standard octahedron only contains {111} facets, while the spinel cathode with truncated octahedron or polyhedron is dominated by the {111} facets, supplemented by a small part of {110} and {100} facets.…”

A nano-truncated Ni/La doped manganese spinel material for high rate performance and long cycle life lithium-ion batteries

“…Some pioneers have confirmed that the lattice orientation of the surface contacted with the electrolyte has a significant impact on Mn dissolution. 27–29 Kim and others 27 reported a polyhedral LiMn 2 O 4 material which consists of abundant {111} facets and a few {100} and {110} facets. Among the facets, the highly exposed {111} planes with the lowest surface energy and the densest Mn atom arrangement bring about the formation of a firm solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) membrane, which mitigates the Mn dissolution and improves the cycling stability.…”