The enteric nervous system response to various injuries involves the activation of enteric glial cells. This activation has been suggested as an early signaling mechanism precise, responsible for the subsequent neuronal degeneration. The aim of the work was to analyze the effect of ischemia and reperfusion (I/R-i) on enteric glial cells, neurons and purinergic P2X 2 and P2X 7 receptors. Intestinal ischemia was obtained by the obstruction of blood flow in the vessels ileal period of 35 minutes followed by reperfusion periods of 0 hour (h), 24 h and 14 days.Tissues were prepared by immunohistochemical methods of double labeling of P2X 2 and P2X 7 with Hu (pan-neuronal) and S100 (glial marker); and Hu with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP glial marker) / DAPI (nuclear marker) and S100 with GFAP / DAPI. The qualitative and quantitative analyzes of colocalization, density, profiles area and cell proliferation were obtained from fluorescence microscopes and the Confocal Scanning Laser. Quantitative results have shown: a) neurons and glial cells were immunoreactive to P2X 2 and P2X 7 ; b) a decrease in density of cells immunoreactive (-IR) P2X 2 and P2X 7 receptors, as well as Hu-IR neurons in the Groups I/R-i 0 h, 24 h and 14 days; c) an increase in the density of enteric glial cell S100-IR and GFAP-IR; d) in the profile area of Hu-IR neurons showed no significant differences, however the area profile glial cells S100-IR showed a decrease in Groups I/R-I; e) detected enteric glial cell proliferation S100-IR and GFAP-IR in Groups I/R-i 0 h and 24 h. This study showed that I/R-i is associated with significant loss of neurons, alteration of the expression of purinergic receptors and increased enteric glial cells and these changes may contribute to intestinal motility disorders.